§10.prop1.28#2λῆμμα
εὑρεῖν δύο τετραγώνους ἀριθμούς, ὥστε τὸν ἐξ αὐτῶν συγκείμενον μὴ εἶναι τετράγωνον.
Lemma To find two square numbers such that their sum is not a square.
ἔστω γὰρ ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ, ὡς ἔφαμεν, τετράγωνος, καὶ ἄρτιος ὁ ΓΑ, καὶ τετμήσθω ὁ ΓΑ δίχα τῷ Δ. φανερὸν δή, ὅτι ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τετράγωνος μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ
ΓΔ τετραγώνου ἴσος ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΔ τετραγώνῳ.
For let the product of AB, BC, as we said, be square, and CA be even, and let CA be bisected at D. It is then manifest that the product of AB, BC together with the square on CD is equal to the square on BD.
ἀφῃρήσθω μονὰς ἡ ΔΕ· ὁ ἄρα ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἐλάσσων ἐστὶ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΒΔ τετραγώνου.
Let a unit DE be subtracted; therefore the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE is less than the square on BD.
λέγω οὖν, ὅτι ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τετράγωνος μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ οὐκ ἔσται τετράγωνος.
I say then that the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE will not be a square.
εἰ γὰρ ἔσται τετράγωνος, ἤτοι ἴσος ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΕ ἢ ἐλάσσων τοῦ ἀπὸ ΒΕ, οὐκέτι δὲ καὶ μείζων, ἵνα μὴ τμηθῇ ἡ μονάς.
For if it is to be a square, it is either equal to the square on BE or less than the square on BE, and no longer greater, so that the unit may not be divided.
ἔστω, εἰ δυνατόν, πρότερον ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἴσος τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΕ, καὶ ἔστω τῆς ΔΕ μονάδος διπλασίων ὁ ΗΑ. ἐπεὶ οὖν ὅλος ὁ ΑΓ ὅλου τοῦ ΓΔ ἐστι διπλασίων, ὧν ὁ ΑΗ τοῦ ΔΕ ἐστι διπλασίων, καὶ λοιπὸς ἄρα ὁ ΗΓ λοιποῦ τοῦ ΕΓ ἐστι διπλασίων·
Let, if possible, first the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE be equal to the square on BE, and let HA be double the unit DE. Since, then, the whole AC is double the whole CD, of which HA is double DE, therefore the remainder HC is also double the remainder EC.
δίχα ἄρα τέτμηται ὁ ΗΓ τῷ Ε. ὁ ἄρα ἐκ τῶν ΗΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἴσος ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΕ τετραγώνῳ.
Therefore HC is bisected at E. Therefore the product of HB, BC together with the square on CE is equal to the square on BE.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἴσος ὑπόκειται τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΕ τετραγώνῳ· ὁ ἄρα ἐκ τῶν ΗΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἴσος ἐστὶ τῷ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ. καὶ κοινοῦ ἀφαιρεθέντος τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ συνάγεται ὁ ΑΒ ἴσος τῷ ΗΒ· ὅπερ ἄτοπον.
But also the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE is assumed to be equal to the square on BE; therefore the product of HB, BC together with the square on CE is equal to the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE. And if the common square on CE is subtracted, it is concluded that AB is equal to HB; which is absurd.
οὐκ ἄρα ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἴσος ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΕ. λέγω δή, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐλάσσων τοῦ ἀπὸ ΒΕ. εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, ἔστω τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΖ ἴσος, καὶ τοῦ ΔΖ διπλασίων ὁ ΘΑ. καὶ συναχθήσεται πάλιν διπλασίων ὁ ΘΓ τοῦ ΓΖ·
Therefore the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE is not equal to the square on BE. I say then that neither is it less than the square on BE. For if possible, let it be equal to the square on BF, and let TA be double DF.
ὥστε καὶ τὸν ΓΘ δίχα τετμῆσθαι κατὰ τὸ Ζ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸν ἐκ τῶν ΘΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΖΓ ἴσον γίνεσθαι τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΖ. ὑπόκειται δὲ καὶ ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἴσος τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΖ. ὥστε καὶ ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΘΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΖ ἴσος ἔσται τῷ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ· ὅπερ ἄτοπον.
And it will again be concluded that TC is double CF; so that TC is also bisected at F, and for this reason the product of TB, BC together with the square on FC becomes equal to the square on BF. But the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE is also assumed to be equal to the square on BF; so that the product of TB, BC together with the square on CF will also be equal to the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE; which is absurd.
οὐκ ἄρα ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ ἴσος ἐστὶ ἐλάσσονι τοῦ ἀπὸ ΒΕ. ἐδείχθη δέ, ὅτι οὐδὲ τῷ ἀπὸ ΒΕ. οὐκ ἄρα ὁ ἐκ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ μετὰ τοῦ ἀπὸ ΓΕ τετράγωνός ἐστιν. ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE is not equal to any square less than the square on BE. And it was proved that neither is it equal to the square on BE. Therefore the product of AB, BC together with the square on CE is not a square; which was to be proved.