§1## ΠΕΡΙ ΑΝΑΤΟΜΗΣ.
1.
## ON ANATOMY 1.
Ἀρτηρίη ἐξ ἑκατέρου φαρυγγέθρου τὴν ἔκφυσιν ποιευμένη ἐς ἄκρον πνεύμονος τελευτᾷ, κρίκοις ξυγκειμένη ὁμορυσμοῖς, τῶν περιηγέων ἁπτομένη κατ’ ἐπίπεδον ἀλλήλων.
The trachea, taking its origin from each side of the pharynx, terminates at the extremity of the lung, being composed of identical rings whose circumferences touch one another on the same plane.
Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ πνεύμων συνεξαναπληροῖ τὴν χέλυν, τετραμμένος ἐς τὰ ἀριστερὰ, πέντε ὑπερκορυφώσιας ἔχων, ἃς δὴ καλέουσι λοβοὺς, τεφρίνης χροιῆς τυχὼν, στίγμασιν ὀφρυόεσι κεκεντημένος, φύσει ἐὼν τενθρηνιώδης.
The lung itself fills the chest-cavity, being turned to the left, having five projections which they indeed call lobes; it has a greyish color, is marked with brow-like spots, and is by nature like a wasp-nest.
Μέσῳ δ’ αὐτέῳ ἡ καρδίη ἐγκαθίδρυται, στρογγυλωτέρη καθεστεῶσα πάντων ζώων.
In the middle of it the heart is established, being rounder than that of all other animals.
Ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς καρδίης ἐς ἧπαρ βρογχίη πολλὴ καθήκει, καὶ μετὰ βρογχίης φλὲψ μεγάλη καλευμένη, δι’ ἧς οὖλον τὸ σκῆνος τρέφεται.
From the heart a large bronchus descends to the liver, and along with the bronchus runs what is called the great vein, through which the whole frame is nourished.
Τὸ δὲ ἧπαρ ὁμορυσμίην μὲν ἔχει τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν, αἱμοῤῥωδέστερον δέ ἐστι τῶν ἄλλων, ὑπερκορυφώσιας ἔχον δύο, ἃς καλέουσι πύλας, ἐν δεξιοῖς τόποις κειμένας· ἀπὸ δὲ τουτέου σκαλήνη φλὲψ ἐπὶ τὰ κάτω νεφρῶν ἀποτείνουσα.
The liver has the same structure as all the other organs, but is more bloody than the others, having two projections which they call gates, situated on the right side; and from this a slanted vein extends down to the kidneys.
Νεφροὶ δὲ ὁμοιορυσμοὶ, τὴν χροιὴν δὲ ἐναλίγκιοι μήλοισιν· ἀπὸ δὲ τουτέων ὀχετοὶ σκαληνοειδέες ἄκρην κορυφὴν κύστιος κεῖνται.
The kidneys are of similar shape, and in color resemble apples; and from these, slanted ducts lie towards the very summit of the bladder.
Κύστις δὲ νευρώδης οὔλη καὶ μεγάλη· ἕκαθεν δὲ κύστιος μετοχὴ, εἰς ὃ πέφυκε.
The bladder is entirely fibrous and large; and at a distance from the bladder is its connection, into which it naturally empties.
Καὶ τὰ μὲν ἓξ ἀνὰ μέσον ἐντὸς φύσις ἐκοσμήθη.
And these six internal parts in the middle were ordered by nature.
Οἰσοφάγος δὲ ἀπὸ γλώσσης τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιεύμενος ἐς κοιλίην τελευτᾷ, ὃν δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ σηπτικῆς κοιλίης στόμαχον καλέουσιν.
The esophagus, taking its beginning from the tongue, terminates in the stomach, which indeed they also call the mouth of the digestive cavity.
Πρὸς δὲ ἀκάνθης ὄπισθεν ἥπατος φρένες πεφύκασιν.
Near the spine, behind the liver, the diaphragm is situated.
Ἐκ δὲ πλευρῆς νόθης, λέγω δὲ ἀριστερῆς, σπλὴν ἀρξάμενος ἐκτέταται ὁμοιορυσμὸς ἴχνει ποδός.
Starting from the false rib, I mean the left one, the spleen extends, resembling the print of a foot.
Κοιλίη δὲ ἥπατι παρακειμένη κατ’ εὐώνυμον μέρος οὐλομελής ἐστι νευρώδης.
The stomach lies adjacent to the liver on the left side, being fibrous throughout.
Ἀπὸ δὲ κοιλίης πέφυκεν ἔντερον ὁμοιορυσμὸν, μικρὸν, πηχέων οὐκ ἔλασσον δώδεκα, ἑλικηδὸν ἐν κόλποις ἐνειλούμενον, ὃ καλέουσιν ἔνιοι κῶλον, δι’ οὗ ἡ παραφορὰ τῆς τροφῆς γίνεται.
From the stomach grows an intestine of uniform shape, small, not less than twelve cubits in length, wound spirally in folds, which some call the colon, through which the passage of food takes place.
Ἀπὸ δὲ κώλου πέφυκεν ἀρχὸς λοίσθιος, σάρκα περιπληθέα ἔχων, ἐς ἄκρον, δακτυλίου τελευτῶν.
From the colon grows the final rectum, having abundant flesh, terminating at the end in the anus.
Τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ἡ φύσις, διετάξατο.
The other parts, nature has disposed.