§1111.
11.
Ὧ δὲ ἀπὸ παιδίου συνηύξηται καὶ συντέτροφεν, ἔθος πεποίηται ἐν τῇσι μεταβολῇσι τῶν πνευμάτων τοῦτο πάσχειν καὶ ἐπίληπτον ὡς τὰ πολλὰ γίνεσθαι, καὶ μάλιστα ἐν τοῖσι νοτίοισιν· ἥ τε ἀπάλλαξις χαλεπὴ γίνεται·
But in him in whom the disease has grown from childhood and become habitual, it has become customary to suffer this during the changes of the winds, and to become epileptic for the most part, especially during the south winds; and the recovery becomes difficult.
ὁ γὰρ ἐγκέφαλος ὑγρότερος γέγονε τῆς φύσιος καὶ πλημμυρεῖ ὑπὸ τοῦ φλέγματος, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν καταῤρόους πυκνοτέρους γίνεσθαι, ἐκκριθῆναι δὲ μηκέτι οἷόν τε εἶναι τὸ φλέγμα, μηδὲ ἀναξηρανθῆναι τὸν ἐγκέφαλον, ἀλλὰ διαβεβρέχθαι καὶ εἶναι ὑγρόν.
For the brain has become moister than its nature and is flooded with phlegm, so that the fluxes become more frequent, and the phlegm can no longer be discharged, nor can the brain be dried, but remains soaked and wet.
Γνοίη δ’ ἄν τις τόδε μάλιστα τοῖσι προβάτοισι τοῖσι καταλήπτοισι γινομένοισιν ὑπὸ τῆς νούσου ταύτης καὶ μάλιστα τῇσιν αἰξίν· αὗται γὰρ πυκνότατα λαμβάνονται· ἢν διακόψῃς τὴν κεφαλὴν, εὑρήσεις τὸν ἐγκέφαλον ὑγρὸν. ἐόντα καὶ ὕδρωπος περίπλεων καὶ κακὸν ὄζοντα, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δηλονότι γνώσῃ ὅτι οὐχ ὁ θεὸς τὸ σῶμα λυμαίνεται, ἀλλ’ ἡ νοῦσος.
One might know this best in the case of sheep which are seized by this disease, and especially in goats, for they are most frequently attacked; if you cut open the head, you will find the brain wet and full of dropsy, and smelling bad, and by this you will clearly know that it is not a god that damages the body, but the disease.
Οὕτω δ’ ἔχει καὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ· ὁκόταν γὰρ ὁ χρόνος γένηται τῇ νούσῳ, οὐκ ἔτι ἰήσιμος γίνεται· διεσθίεται γὰρ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος ὑπὸ τοῦ φλέγματος καὶ τήκεται, τὸ δὲ ἀποτηκόμενον ὕδωρ γίνεται, καὶ περιέχει τὸν ἐγκέφαλον ἐκτὸς καὶ περικλύζει· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πυκνότερον ἐπίληπτοι γίνονται καὶ ῥᾷον.
So it is also with man; for when the disease has become chronic, it is no longer curable; for the brain is eaten away by the phlegm and melts, and that which melts becomes water and surrounds the brain on the outside and washes over it; and for this reason they become epileptic more frequently and more easily.
Διὸ δὴ πουλυχρόνιος ἡ νοῦσος, ὅτι τὸ ἐπιῤῥέον λεπτόν ἐστιν ὑπὸ πολυπληθίης, καὶ εὐθὺς κρατέεται ὑπὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ διαθερμαίνεται.
Therefore the disease is long-lasting, because that which flows in is thin owing to its great abundance, and is immediately overcome and warmed by the blood.
§1212.
12.
Ὁκόσοι δὲ ἤδη ἐθάδες εἰσὶ τῇ νούσῳ, προγινώσκουσιν ὁκόταν μέλλωσι λήψεσθαι, καὶ φεύγουσιν ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἢν μὲν ἐγγὺς αὐτῶν ὁ οἶκος ἔῃ, οἴκαδε, ἢν δὲ μὴ, ἐς τὸ ἐρημότατον, ὅπη μέλλουσιν ὄψεσθαι αὐτὸν ἐλάχιστοι πεσόντα, εὐθύς τε ἐγκαλύπτεται·
Those who are already accustomed to the disease foresee when they are about to be seized, and they flee from men—home, if their house is near, or if not, to the most deserted place, where fewest people are likely to see them fall—and immediately cover themselves up.
τοῦτο δὲ ποιέει ὑπ’ αἰσχύνης τοῦ πάθεος καὶ οὐχ ὑπὸ φόβου, ὡς οἱ πολλοὶ νομίζουσι, τοῦ δαιμονίου.
This they do from shame of the suffering, and not from fear of the divinity, as most people think.
Τὰ δὲ παιδάρια τὸ μὲν πρῶτον πίπτουσιν ὅπη ἂν τύχωσιν ὑπὸ ἀηθίης· ὅταν δὲ πλεονάκις κατάληπτοι γένωνται, ἐπειδὰν προαίσθωνται, φεύγουσι παρὰ τὰς μητέρας ἢ παρὰ ἄλλον ὅντινα μάλιστα γινώσκουσιν, ὑπὸ δέους καὶ φόβου τῆς πάθης· τὸ γὰρ αἰσχύνεσθαι παῖδες ὄντες οὔπω γινώσκουσιν.
But little children at first fall down wherever they chance to be, from inexperience; but when they are seized more frequently, as soon as they have a premonition, they flee to their mothers or to anyone else whom they know best, from dread and fear of the suffering; for being children, they do not yet know what it is to be ashamed.
§1313.
13.
Ἐν δὲ τῇσι μεταβολῇσι τῶν πνευμάτων διὰ τάδε φημὶ ἐπιλήπτους γίνεσθαι, καὶ μάλιστα τοῖσι νοτίοισιν, ἔπειτα τοῖσι βορείοισιν, ἔπειτα τοῖσι λοιποῖσι πνεύμασι· ταῦτα δέ ἐστιν ὅσα τῶν πνευμάτων ἰσχυρότατά ἐστι καὶ ἀλλήλοισιν ἐναντιώτατα κατὰ τὴν στάσιν καὶ κατὰ τὴν δύναμιν.
I say that they become epileptic during the changes of the winds for the following reasons, and especially during south winds, then north winds, and then the other winds; for these are the strongest of the winds and most opposed to one another in their station and power.
Ὁ μὲν γὰρ βορέης ξυνίστησι τὸν ἠέρα καὶ τὸ θολερόν τε καὶ τὸ νεφῶδες ἐκκρίνει καὶ λαμπρόν τε καὶ διαφανέα ποιέει· κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τἄλλα πάντα ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης ἀρξάμενα καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὑδάτων· ἐκκρίνει γὰρ ἐξ ἁπάντων τὴν νοτίδα καὶ τὸ δνοφερὸν, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, διὸ καὶ ὑγιεινότατός ἐστι τῶν ἀνέμων.
For the north wind condenses the air, separates the turbid and cloudy, and makes it bright and transparent; and in the same way it acts upon all other things, beginning from the sea and other waters; for it separates the moisture and dark from everything, and even from men themselves, and therefore it is the healthiest of the winds.
Ὁ δὲ νότος τἀναντία τουτέῳ ἐργάζεται· πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἄρχεται τὸν ἠέρα ξυνεστεῶτα τήκειν καὶ διαχέειν, καθότι καὶ οὐκ εὐθὺς πνέει μέγας, ἀλλὰ γαληνίζει πρῶτον, ὅτι οὐ δύναται ἐπικρατῆσαι τοῦ ἠέρος αὐτίκα, τοῦ πρόσθεν πυκνοῦ τε ἐόντος καὶ ξυνεστηκότος, ἀλλὰ τῷ χρόνῳ διαλύει·
But the south wind produces the opposite effects to these; for first it begins to melt and diffuse the condensed air, because it does not blow strong immediately, but is calm at first, since it cannot overcome the air at once which was previously dense and condensed, but dissolves it in time.
τὸ δ’ αὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐργάζεται καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τοὺς ποταμοὺς καὶ τὰς κρήνας καὶ τὰ φρέατα καὶ ὅσα φύεται καὶ ἐν οἷσιν ὑγρὸν ἔνεστιν· ἔστι δὲ ἐν παντὶ, ἐν μὲν τῷ πλέον, ἐν δὲ τῷ ἔλασσον·
It also does this same thing to the earth, the sea, the rivers, the springs, the wells, and to everything that grows and in which there is moisture; and moisture is in everything, in some more, in others less.
ἅπαντα δὲ ταῦτα αἰσθάνεται τοῦ πνεύματος τούτου, καὶ ἔκ τε λαμπρῶν δνοφερώδεα γίνεται, ἔκ τε ψυχρῶν θερμὰ, καὶ ἐκ ξηρῶν νοτώδεα·
All these feel this wind, and from being bright become dark, from cold warm, and from dry moist.
ὁκόσα τε ἐν οἰκήμασι κεράμια ἢ κατὰ γῆς ἐστι μεστὰ οἴνου ἢ ἄλλου τινὸς ὑγροῦ, πάντα ταῦτα αἰσθάνεται τοῦ νότου καὶ διαλλάσσει τὴν μορφὴν ἐς ἕτερον εἶδος·
And whatever jars in houses or under the earth are full of wine or any other liquid, all these feel the south wind and change their form to another appearance.
τὸν δὲ ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην καὶ τὰ ἄστρα πουλὺ ἀμβλυωπότερα καθίστησι τῆς φύσιος.
It also makes the sun, moon, and stars much dimmer than their nature.
Ὅτε οὖν καὶ τούτων οὕτω μεγάλων ἐόντων καὶ ἰσχυρῶν τοσοῦτον ἐπικρατέει καὶ τὸ σῶμα ποιέει αἰσθάνεσθαι καὶ μεταβάλλειν ἐκ τῶν ἀνέμων τούτων ἐν τῇσι μεταλλαγῇσιν, ἀνάγκη τοῖσι μὲν νοτίοισι λύεσθαί τε καὶ φλυδᾷν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον καὶ τὰς φλέβας χαλαρωτέρας εἶναι, τοῖσι δὲ βορείοισι ξυνίστασθαι τὸ ὑγιηρότατον τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου, τὸ δὲ νοσερώτατον καὶ ὑγρότατον ἐκκρίνεσθαι καὶ περικλύζειν ἔξωθεν, καὶ οὕτω τοὺς καταῤῥόους ἐπιγίνεσθαι ἐν τῇσι μεταβολῇσι τῶν πνευμάτων τούτων.
Since, then, these winds have such great power over these things, so large and strong, and make the body feel them and change during their transitions, it is necessary that during the south winds the brain is relaxed and becomes flabby, and the veins are slacker, while during the north winds the healthiest part of the brain condenses, and the most diseased and moistest part is separated and washes around on the outside, and thus the fluxes occur during the changes of these winds.
Οὕτως ἡ νοῦσος αὕτη γίνεται καὶ θάλλει ἀπὸ τῶν προσιόντων τε καὶ ἀπιόντων, καὶ οὐδέν ἐστιν ἀπορωτέρη τῶν ἄλλων οὔτε ἰῆσθαι οὔτε γνῶναι, οὐδὲ θειοτέρη ἢ αἱ ἄλλαι.
In this way this disease arises and flourishes from what enters and departs, and it is no more difficult to cure or to understand than other diseases, nor is it more divine than the others.