§1313.
13.
Τὸ μὲν οὖν αἴτιον τοῦ ὕδρωπος ἤδη εἴρηται· αἱ δὲ ἀποπληξίαι γίνονται καὶ αὐταὶ διὰ τὰς φύσας·
The cause of dropsy, then, has already been stated; and apoplexies themselves also occur because of the winds.
ὅταν γὰρ αἱ φῦσαι ψυχραὶ οὖσαι καὶ πολλαὶ διαδύνωσι καὶ ἐμφυσήσωσι τὰς σάρκας, ἀναίσθητα ταῦτα γίνεται τοῦ σώματος·
For when the winds, being cold and abundant, penetrate and inflate the flesh, these parts of the body become insensible.
ἢν μὲν οὖν πολλαὶ φῦσαι ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι διατρέχωσιν, ὅλος ὥνθρωπος ἀπόπληκτος γίνεται· ἢν δὲ ἐν μέρει τινὶ, τοῦτο τὸ μέρος·
If, then, abundant winds run through the whole body, the whole man becomes apoplectic; but if in some part, this part becomes so.
καὶ ἢν μὲν ἀπέλθωσιν αὗται, παύεται ἡ νοῦσος· ἢν δὲ παραμείνωσι, παραμένει·
And if these depart, the disease ceases; but if they remain, it remains.
ὅτι δὲ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει, χασμῶνται συνεχῶς.
And that this is so, they yawn continually.
§1414.
14.
Δοκέει δέ μοι καὶ τὴν ἱερὴν καλεομένην νοῦσον τοῦτο εἶναι τὸ παρεχόμενον·
And it seems to me that this is also what produces the disease called sacred.
οἷσι δὲ λόγοισιν ἐμαυτὸν ἔπεισα, τούτοισιν αὐτέοισι καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντας πείσειν πειράσομαι.
And with the very arguments by which I persuaded myself, with these same I shall try to persuade also my hearers.
Ἡγεῦμαι δὲ ἔμπροσθεν, μηδὲν εἶναι μᾶλλον τῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι ξυμβαλλόμενον ἐς φρόνησιν, ἢ τὸ αἷμα·
First, I hold that nothing of those things in the body contributes more to intelligence than the blood.
τοῦτο δὲ ὅταν μὲν ἐν τῷ καθεστεῶτι μένῃ, μένει καὶ ἡ φρόνησις· ἐξαλλάσσοντος δὲ τοῦ αἵματος, μεταπίπτει καὶ ἡ φρόνησις.
And when this remains in its established state, intelligence also remains; but when the blood changes, intelligence also shifts.
Ὅτι δὲ ταῦθ’ ὧδ’ ἔχει, πολλὰ τὰ μαρτυρέοντα·
And that this is so, there are many testimonies.
πρῶτον μὲν, ὅπερ ἅπασι ζώοισι κοινόν ἐστιν, ὁ ὕπνος, οὗτος μαρτυρέει τοῖσιν εἰρημένοισιν·
First indeed, sleep, which is common to all animals, bears witness to what has been said.
ὅταν γὰρ ἐπέλθῃ τῷ σώματι ὁ ὕπνος, τότε τὸ αἷμα ψύχεται, φύσει γὰρ πέφυκεν ὁ ὕπνος ψύχειν·
For when sleep comes upon the body, then the blood is cooled, for sleep is naturally of a nature to cool.
ψυχθέντι δὲ τῷ αἵματι νωθρότεραι γίνονται αἱ διέξοδοι·
And when the blood is cooled, its passages become more sluggish.
δῆλον δέ· ῥέπει γὰρ τὰ σώματα καὶ βαρύνεται (πάντα γὰρ τὰ βαρέα πέφυκεν ἐς βυθὸν φέρεσθαι), καὶ τὰ ὄμματα συγκλείεται, καὶ ἡ φρόνησις ἀλλοιοῦται, δόξαι δέ τινες ἕτεραι ἐνδιατρίβουσιν, ἃ δὴ ἐνύπνια καλέονται.
And this is clear: for bodies decline and become heavy (for all heavy things are naturally carried to the bottom), and the eyes close, and intelligence is altered, and certain other opinions linger within, which indeed are called dreams.
Πάλιν ἐν τῇσι μέθῃσι, πλέονος ἐξαίφνης γενομένου τοῦ αἵματος, μεταπίπτουσιν αἱ ψυχαὶ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇσι ψυχῇσι φρονήματα, καὶ γίνονται τῶν μὲν παρεόντων κακῶν ἐπιλήσμονες, τῶν δὲ μελλόντων εὐέλπιδες ἀγαθῶν.
Again, in drunkenness, when the blood suddenly becomes more abundant, souls and the thoughts in souls shift, and people become forgetful of present evils, and hopeful of future goods.
Ἔχοιμι δ’ ἂν πολλὰ τοιαῦτα εἰπεῖν, ἐν οἷσιν αἱ τοῦ αἵματος ἐξαλλαγαὶ τὴν φρόνησιν ἐξαλλάσσουσιν.
And I could tell many such things, in which the alterations of the blood alter intelligence.
Ἢν μὲν οὖν παντελῶς ἅπαν ἀναταραχθῇ τὸ αἷμα, παντελῶς ἡ φρόνησις ἐξαπόλλυται· τὰ γὰρ μαθήματα καὶ τὰ ἀναγνωρίσματα ἐθίσματά ἐστίν· ὅταν οὖν ἐκ τοῦ εἰωθότος ἔθεος μεταστέωμεν, ἀπόλλυται ἡμῖν ἡ φρόνησις.
If, then, the blood is completely and entirely disturbed, intelligence is completely destroyed; for learning and recognitions are habits; when, therefore, we depart from our accustomed habit, our intelligence is destroyed.
Φημὶ δὲ τὴν ἱερὴν νοῦσον ὧδε γίνεσθαι· ὅταν πουλὺ πνεῦμα κατὰ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα παντὶ τῷ αἵματι μιχθῇ, πολλὰ ἐμφράγματα γίνεται πολλαχῆ ἀνὰ τὰς φλέβας·
And I say that the sacred disease occurs in this way: when much breath is mixed with all the blood throughout the whole body, many obstructions occur in many places along the veins.
ἐπειδὰν οὖν ἐς τὰς παχείας καὶ πολυαίμους τῶν φλεβῶν πολὺς ἀὴρ βρίσῃ, βρίσας δὲ μένῃ, κωλύεται τὸ αἷμα διεξιέναι·
When, therefore, much air presses into the thick and blood-rich veins, and having pressed in remains there, the blood is prevented from passing through.
τῇ μὲν οὖν ἐνέστηκε, τῇ δὲ νωθρῶς ὃιεξέρχεται, τῇ δὲ θᾶσσον·
Thus, in one part it stands still, in another it passes through sluggishly, and in another more quickly.
ἀνομοίης δὲ τῆς πορείης τῷ αἵματι διὰ τοῦ σώματος γενομένης, παντοῖαι αἱ ἀνομοιότητες·
And when the passage of the blood through the body becomes unequal, all kinds of inequalities occur.
πᾶν γὰρ τὸ σῶμα πανταχόθεν ἕλκεται, καὶ τετίνακται τὰ μέρη τοῦ σώματος ὑπηρετοῦντα τῷ θορύβῳ καὶ ταράχῳ τοῦ αἵματος, διαστροφαί τε παντοῖαι παντοίως γίνονται·
For the whole body is drawn from every side, and the parts of the body are shaken, ministering to the tumult and disturbance of the blood, and all kinds of distortions occur in all ways.
κατὰ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ἀναίσθητοι πάντων εἰσὶ, κωφοί τε τῶν λεγομένων, καὶ τυφλοὶ τῶν γινομένων, ἀνάλγητοί τε πρὸς τοὺς πόνους·
And during this time they are insensible of all things, deaf to what is said, blind to what happens, and painless toward exertions.
οὕτως ὁ ἀὴρ ταραχθεὶς ἀνετάραξε τὸ αἷμα καὶ ἐμίηνε.
Thus the air, having been disturbed, disturbed and defiled the blood.
Καὶ ἀφροὶ διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἀνατρέχουσιν εἰκότως·
And foams run up through the mouth naturally.
διὰ γὰρ τῶν σφαγιτίδων φλεβῶν διαδύνων ὁ ἀὴρ, ἀνέρχεται μὲν αὐτὸς, ἀνάγει δὲ μεθ’ ἑωυτοῦ τὸ λεπτότατον τοῦ αἵματος·
For the air, penetrating through the jugular veins, ascends itself, and brings up with itself the thinnest part of the blood.
τὸ δὲ ὑγρὸν τῷ ἠέρι μιγνύμενον λευκοῦται· διὰ λεπτῶν γὰρ ὑμένων καθαρὸς ἐὼν ὁ ἀὴρ διαφαίνεται· διὸ δὴ λευκοὶ φαίνονται πάντες οἱ ἀφροί.
And the fluid, being mixed with the air, becomes white; for the air, being pure, shines through thin membranes; wherefore indeed all foams appear white.
Πότε μὲν οὖν παύονται τῆς νούσου καὶ τοῦ παρεόντος χειμῶνος οἱ ὑπὸ τούτου τοῦ νοσήματος ἁλισκόμενοι, ἐγὼ φράσω.
When, then, those seized by this disease cease from the disease and the present storm, I shall explain.
Ὁκόταν γυμνασθὲν ὑπὸ τῶν πόνων τὸ σῶμα θερμανθῇ, θερμαίνεται καὶ τὸ αἷμα·
When the body, exercised by the exertions, is warmed, the blood also is warmed.
τὸ δὲ αἷμα θερμανθὲν ἐξεθέρμηνε τὰς φύσας· αὗται δὲ διαθερμανθεῖσαι διαλύονται καὶ διαλύουσι τὴν ξύστασιν τοῦ αἵματος, αἱ μὲν συνεξελθοῦσαι μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος, αἱ δὲ μετὰ τοῦ φλέγματος·
And the warmed blood thoroughly warms the winds; and these, being thoroughly warmed, disperse and dissolve the congestion of the blood, some exiting together with the breath, and others with the phlegm.
ἀποζέσαντος δὲ τοῦ ἀφροῦ, καὶ καταστάντος τοῦ αἵματος, καὶ γαλήνης ἐν τῷ σώματι γενομένης, πέπαυται τὸ νόσημα.
And when the foam has ceased boiling, and the blood has settled, and a calm has occurred in the body, the disease ceases.
§1515.
15.
Φαίνονται οὖν αἱ φῦσαι διὰ πάντων τῶν νοσημάτων μάλιστα πολυπραγμονοῦσαι· τὰ δ’ ἄλλα πάντα συναίτια καὶ μεταίτια, τὸ δὲ αἴτιον τῶν νούσων ἐὸν τοῦτο ἐπιδέδεικταί μοι.
Thus the winds appear to be busiest of all throughout all diseases; and all other things are but contributing causes and secondary causes, while this has been demonstrated by me to be the cause of diseases.
Ὑπεσχόμην δὲ τὸ αἴτιον τῶν νουσημάτων φράσαι, ἐπέδειξα δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἄλλοισι πρήγμασι δυναστεῦον καὶ ἐν τοῖσι σώμασι τῶν ζώων·
And I promised to state the cause of diseases, and I showed that breath is dominant both in other matters and in the bodies of animals.
ἤγαγον δὲ τὸν λόγον ἐπὶ τὰ γνώριμα τῶν ἀῤῥωστημάτων, ἐν οἷσιν ἀληθὴς ἡ ὑπόθεσις ἐφάνη·
And I led the argument to the well-known illnesses, in which the hypothesis appeared true.
εἰ γὰρ περὶ πάντων τῶν ἀῤῥωστημάτων λέγοιμι, μακρότερος μὲν ὁ λόγος ἂν γένοιτο, ἀτρεκέστερος δὲ οὐδαμῶς, οὐδὲ πιστότερος.
For if I should speak about all illnesses, the argument would indeed become longer, but in no way more exact, nor more credible.