§77.
7.
Αὔξεται δὲ ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τὸ μὲν φλέγμα τοῦ χειμῶνος· τοῦτο γὰρ τῷ χειμῶνι κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶ μάλιστα τῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι ἐνεόντων, ψυχρότατον γάρ ἐστιν.
In man, phlegm increases in winter; for this of the things present in the body is most according to nature for winter, since it is the coldest.
Τεκμήριον δὲ τουτέου, ὅτι τὸ μὲν φλέγμα ψυχρότατον, εἰ ἐθέλεις ψαῦσαι φλέγματος καὶ χολῆς καὶ αἵματος, τὸ φλέγμα εὑρήσεις ψυχρότατον ἐόν· καίτοι γλισχρότατόν ἐστι καὶ βίῃ μάλιστα ἄγεται μετὰ χολὴν μέλαιναν· ὁκόσα δὲ βίῃ ἔρχεται, θερμότερα γίνεται, ἀναγκαζόμενα ὑπὸ τῆς βίης· ἀλλ’ ὅμως καὶ πρὸς πάντα ταῦτα ψυχρότατον ἐὸν τὸ φλέγμα φαίνεται ὑπὸ τῆς φύσιος τῆς ἑωυτοῦ.
And the proof of this, that phlegm is the coldest, is that if you wish to touch phlegm and bile and blood, you will find phlegm to be the coldest; although indeed it is the most viscid and is drawn with the greatest force after black bile; and all things that go with force become warmer, being compelled by the force; but nevertheless, even against all these things, phlegm appears to be the coldest by its own nature.
Ὅτι δὲ ὁ χειμὼν πληροῖ τὸ σῶμα φλέγματος, γνοίης ἂν τοῖσδε· οἱ ἄνθρωποι πτύουσί τε καὶ ἀπομύσσονται φλεγματωδέστατον τοῦ χειμῶνος, καὶ τὰ οἰδήματα αὐτέοισι λευκὰ γίνεται μάλιστα ταύτην τὴν ὥρην, καὶ τἄλλα νοσήματα φλεγματώδεα.
That winter fills the body with phlegm you would know by these things: men spit and blow from their noses the most phlegmatic matter in winter, and their swellings become white especially at this season, and their other diseases phlegmatic.
Τοῦ δὲ ἦρος τὸ φλέγμα ἔτι μένει ἰσχυρὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι, καὶ τὸ αἷμα αὔξεται· τά τε γὰρ ψύχεα ἐξανίει, καὶ τὰ ὕδατα ἐπιγίνεται, τὸ δὲ αἷμα κατὰ ταῦτα αὔξεται ὑπό τε τῶν ὄμβρων καὶ τῶν θερμημεριῶν· κατὰ φύσιν γὰρ αὐτέῳ ταῦτά ἐστι μάλιστα τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ· ὑγρόν τε γάρ ἐστι καὶ θερμόν.
In spring, phlegm still remains strong in the body, and blood increases; for the cold relaxes, and rains come on, and blood increases accordingly under the showers and the warm days; for these things of the year are most according to nature for it, because it is wet and hot.
Γνοίης δ’ ἂν τοῖσδε· οἱ ἄνθρωποι τοῦ ἦρος καὶ τοῦ θέρεος μάλιστα ὑπό τε τῶν δυσεντεριῶν ἁλίσκονται, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ῥινέων τὸ αἷμα ῥεῖ αὐτέοισι, καὶ θερμότατοί εἰσι καὶ ἐρυθροί·
And you would know by these things: men in spring and summer are especially seized by dysenteries, and blood flows from their noses, and they are very hot and red.
τοῦ δὲ θέρεος τό τε αἷμα ἰσχύει ἔτι, καὶ ἡ χολὴ ἀείρεται ἐν τῷ σώματι καὶ παρατείνει ἐς τὸ φθινόπωρον·
In summer, blood is still strong, and bile rises in the body and extends into autumn.
ἐν δὲ τῷ φθινοπώρῳ τὸ μὲν αἷμα ὀλίγον γίνεται, ἐναντίον γὰρ αὐτέου τὸ φθινόπωρον τῇ φύσει ἐστίν· ἡ δὲ χολὴ τὴν θερίην κατέχει τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὸ φθινόπωρον.
In autumn, blood becomes little, for autumn is opposite to its nature; but bile occupies the body during summer and autumn.
Γνοίης δ’ ἂν τοῖσδε· οἱ ἄνθρωποι αὐτόματοι ταύτην τὴν ὥρην χολὴν ἐμέουσι, καὶ ἐν τῇσι φαρμακοποσίῃσι χολωδέστατα καθαίρονται, δῆλον δὲ καὶ τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι καὶ τοῖσι χρώμασι τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
And you would know by these things: men vomit bile spontaneously at this season, and in their purgings by medicine they are purged of most bilious matter, and it is clear also by the fevers and by the complexions of men.
Τὸ δὲ φλέγμα τῆς θερίης ἀσθενέστατόν ἐστιν αὐτὸ ἑωυτοῦ· ἐναντίη γὰρ αὐτέου τῇ φύσει ἐστὶν ἡ ὥρη, ξηρή τε γάρ ἐστι καὶ θερμή.
Phlegm in summer is at its weakest; for the season is opposite to its nature, being dry and hot.
Τὸ δὲ αἷμα τοῦ φθινοπώρου ἐλάχιστον γίνεται ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, ξηρόν τε γάρ ἐστι τὸ φθινόπωρον καὶ ψύχειν ἤδη ἄρχεται τὸν ἄνθρωπον· ἡ δὲ μέλαινα χολὴ τοῦ φθινοπώρου πλείστη τε καὶ ἰσχυροτάτη ἐστίν.
Blood in autumn becomes least in man, for autumn is dry and already begins to cool man; and black bile in autumn is greatest and strongest.
Ὁκόταν δὲ ὁ χειμὼν καταλαμβάνῃ, ἥ τε χολὴ ψυχομένη ὀλίγη γίνεται, καὶ τὸ φλέγμα αὔξεται πάλιν ὑπό τε τῶν ὑετῶν τοῦ πλήθεος καὶ τῶν νυκτῶν τοῦ μήκεος.
And when winter sets in, bile being cooled becomes little, and phlegm increases again under the abundance of rains and the length of nights.
Ἔχει μὲν οὖν ταῦτα πάντα αἰεὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς περιισταμένης ὥρης ποτὲ μὲν πλείω γίνεται αὐτὰ ἑωυτέων, ποτὲ δὲ ἐλάσσω, ἕκαστα κατὰ μέρος καὶ κατὰ φύσιν.
So then, the body of man always has all these things, but under the revolving season they become sometimes greater than themselves, sometimes less, each in turn and according to nature.
Ὡς γὰρ ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς μετέχει μὲν πᾶς πάντων καὶ τῶν θερμῶν καὶ τῶν ψυχρῶν καὶ τῶν ξηρῶν καὶ τῶν ὑγρῶν, οὐ γὰρ ἂν μείνειε τουτέων οὐδὲν οὐδένα χρόνον ἄνευ πάντων τῶν ἐνεόντων ἐν τῷδε τῷ κόσμῳ, ἀλλ’ εἰ ἕν τί γε ἐκλίποι, πάντ’ ἂν ἀφανισθείη· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς αὐτέης ἀνάγκης πάντα ξυνέστηκέ τε καὶ τρέφεται ὑπ’ ἀλλήλων· οὕτω δὲ καὶ εἴ τι ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκλίποι τουτέων τῶν ξυγγεγονότων, οὐκ ἂν δύναιτο ζῇν ὥνθρωπος.
For just as the whole year participates in all things, both the hot, the cold, the dry, and the wet—for none of these could remain for any time without all the things existing in this universe, but if any single one should fail, all would disappear, since from the same necessity all things are constituted and nourished by one another—so also if any of these innate elements should fail from man, man would not be able to live.
Ἰσχύει δὲ ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ τοτὲ μὲν ὁ χειμὼν μάλιστα, τοτὲ δὲ τὸ ἦρ, τοτὲ δὲ τὸ θέρος, τοτὲ δὲ τὸ φθινόπωρον· οὕτω δὲ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τοτὲ μὲν τὸ φλέγμα ἰσχύει, τοτὲ δὲ τὸ αἷμα, τοτὲ δὲ ἡ χολὴ, πρῶτον μὲν ἡ ξανθὴ, ἔπειτα δ’ ἡ μέλαινα καλεομένη.
And in the year, sometimes winter is strongest, sometimes spring, sometimes summer, sometimes autumn; so also in man, sometimes phlegm is strongest, sometimes blood, sometimes bile—first the yellow, and then that which is called black.
Μαρτύριον δὲ σαφέστατον, εἰ ἐθέλεις τῷ αὐτέῳ ἀνθρώπῳ δοῦναι τὸ αὐτὸ φάρμακον τετράκις τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, ἐμέεταί σοι τοῦ μὲν χειμῶνος φλεγματωδέστατα, τοῦ δὲ ἦρος ὑγρότατα, τοῦ δὲ θέρεος χολωδέστατα, τοῦ δὲ φθινοπώρου μελάντατα.
And this is the clearest proof: if you wish to give the same medicine to the same man four times in the year, he will vomit for you in winter the most phlegmatic matter, in spring the wettest, in summer the most bilious, and in autumn the blackest.