§99.
9.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὰς ἄλλας τέχνας ἄλλος χρόνος μετ’ ἄλλου λόγου δείξει· τὰ δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἰητρικὴν, οἷά τέ ἐστιν, ὥς τε κριτέα, τὰ μὲν ὁ παροιχόμενος, τὰ δὲ ὁ παρεὼν διδάξει λόγος.
Now as for the matters concerning the other arts, another time along with another argument will show; but as for the matters concerning medicine, what they are like and how they are to be judged, partly the past argument and partly the present argument will teach.
Ἐστὶ γὰρ τοῖσι ταύτην τὴν τέχνην ἱκανῶς εἰδόσι τὰ μὲν τῶν νοσημάτων οὐκ ἐν δυσόπτῳ κείμενα καὶ οὐ πολλὰ, τὰ δ’ οὐκ ἐν εὐδήλῳ καὶ πολλά ἐστι·
For to those who sufficiently know this art, some of the diseases lie in places not difficult to see and are not many, while others are not in obvious places and are many.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ πρὸς τὰ ἐντὸς τετραμμένα ἐν δυσόπτῳ, τὰ δ’ ἐξανθεῦντα ἐς τὴν χροιὴν ἢ χροιῇ ἢ οἰδήμασιν ἐν εὐδήλῳ·
For those turned toward the inside are difficult to see, while those erupting onto the skin, either by color or by swellings, are in obvious places.
παρέχει γὰρ ἑωυτῶν τῇ τε ὄψει τῷ τε ψαῦσαι τῆς στερεότητος καὶ τῆς ὑγρότητος αἰσθάνεσθαι, καὶ ἅ τε αὐτῶν θερμὰ, ἅ τε ψυχρὰ, ὧν τε ἑκάστου ἢ παρουσίῃ ἢ ἀπουσίῃ τοιαῦτά ἐστιν.
For they allow, by sight and by touch, to perceive their hardness and wetness, and which of them are hot and which are cold, and by the presence or absence of each of these they are in such a state.
Τῶν μὲν δὴ τοιούτων πάντων ἐν ἅπασι τὰς ἀκέσιας ἀναμαρτήτους δεῖ εἶναι, οὐχ ὡς ῥηϊδίας, ἀλλ’ ὅτι ἐξεύρηνται·
Therefore, in all such cases, the cures must be errorless, not because they are easy, but because they have been discovered.
ἐξεύρηνταί γε μὴν οὐ τοῖσι βουληθεῖσιν, ἀλλὰ τουτέων τοῖσι δυνηθεῖσι·
However, they have been discovered not by those who merely wished, but by those of them who were able.
δύνανται δὲ, οἷσι τά τε τῆς παιδείης μὴ ἐκποδὼν, τά τε τῆς φύσιος μὴ ταλαίπωρα.
And those are able who do not find the matters of education in their way, and whose natural talents are not wretched.
§1010.
10.
Πρὸς μὲν οὖν τὰ φανερὰ τῶν νοσημάτων οὕτω δεῖ εὐπορέειν τὴν τέχνην· δεῖ γε μὴν αὐτὴν μηδὲ πρὸς τὰ ἧσσον φανερὰ ἀπορέειν·
Therefore, towards the manifest diseases, the art must be well-provided in this way; yet it must not be at a loss even towards those that are less manifest.
ἐστὶ δὲ ταῦτα, ἃ πρός τε τὰ ὀστέα τέτραπται καὶ τὴν νηδύν·
And these are those that are turned towards the bones and the cavities.
ἔχει δὲ τὸ σῶμα οὐ μίαν, ἀλλὰ πλείους·
For the body has not one, but several cavities.
δύο μὲν γὰρ αἱ τὸν σῖτον δεχόμεναί τε καὶ ἀφιεῖσαι, ἄλλαι δὲ τουτέων πλείους, ἃς ἴσασιν, οἷσι τουτέων ἐμέλησεν·
For there are two that receive and discharge food, and others more than these, which those who have cared about these things know.
ὅσα γὰρ τῶν μελέων ἔχει σάρκα περιφερέα, ἣν μῦν καλέουσι, πάντα νηδὺν ἔχει, Πᾶν γὰρ τὸ ἀσύμφυτον, ἤν τε δέρματι, ἤν τε σαρκὶ καλύπτηται, κοῖλόν ἐστιν·
For all the limbs that have rounded flesh, which they call muscle, have a cavity.
πληροῦταί τε ὑγιαῖνον μὲν πνεύματος, ἀσθενῆσαν δὲ ἰχῶρος·
For everything that is not grown together, whether it is covered by skin or by flesh, is hollow; and when healthy it is filled with pneuma, but when diseased with ichor.
ἔχουσι μὲν τοίνυν οἱ βραχίονες σάρκα· τοιαύτην· ἔχουσι δ’ οἱ μηροί· ἔχουσι δ’ αἱ κνῆμαι.
Therefore the arms have such flesh; so do the thighs, and so do the shins.
Ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἀσάρκοισι τοιαύτη ἔνεστιν, οἵη καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν εὐσάρκοισιν εἶναι δέδεικται·
Furthermore, even in those parts without flesh there exists such a cavity as has been shown to be in those with abundant flesh.
ὅ τε γὰρ θώρηξ καλεόμενος, ἐν ᾧ τὸ ἧπαρ στεγάζεται, ὅ τε τῆς κεφαλῆς κύκλος, ἐν ᾧ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος, τό τε νῶτον, πρὸς ὃ ὁ πλεύμων, τούτων οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ καὶ αὐτὸ κενόν ἐστι, πολλῶν διαφυσίων μεστὸν, ᾗσιν οὐδὲν ἀπέχει πολλῶν ἀγγεῖα εἶναι τῶν μέν τι βλαπτόντων τὸν κεκτημένον, τῶν δὲ καὶ ὠφελεύντων.
For the so-called chest, in which the liver is sheltered, the circle of the head, in which the brain is, and the back, against which the lung is, there is none of these which is not itself hollow, full of many recesses, from which it is no different to be vessels for many things, some harming the owner, and others even benefiting.
Ἔτι δὲ καὶ πρὸς τουτέοισι φλέβες πολλαὶ, καὶ νεῦρα οὐκ ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ μετέωρα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοῖς ὀστέοισι προστεταμένα, σύνδεσμος ἔς τι των ἄρθρων, καὶ αὐτὰ τὰ ἄρθρα, ἐν οἷσιν αἱ ξυμβολαὶ τῶν κινεομένων ὀστέων ἐγκυκλέονται, καὶ τούτων οὐδὲν, ὅ τι οὐχ ὑπόφορόν ἐστι καὶ ἔχον περὶ αὐτὸ θαλάμας, ἃς καταγγέλλει ἰχὼρ, ὃς ἐκ διοιγομένων αὐτέων πολύς τε καὶ πολλὰ λυπήσας ἐξέρχεται.
And furthermore, in addition to these, many veins, and nerves not suspended in the flesh, but stretched along the bones, the binding of some of the joints, and the joints themselves, in which the junctions of the moving bones rotate, there is none of these which is not hollowed out beneath and having chambers around it, which are revealed by the ichor, which comes out in abundance and causing many pains when they are opened.