§1## ΠΕΡΙ ΧΥΜΩΝ.
1.
## ON HUMORS 1.
Τὸ μὲν χρῶμα τῶν χυμῶν, ὅκου μὴ ἄμπωτίς ἐστι τῶν χυμῶν, ὥσπερ ἀνθέων·
The color of the humors, where there is no reflux of the humors, is like that of flowers.
ἀκτέα, ᾗ ῥέπει, διὰ τῶν ξυμφερόντων χωρίων, πλὴν ὧν οἱ πεπασμοὶ ἐκ τῶν χρόνων·
They (the humors) must be led, whither they tend, through suitable places, except those whose coctions are determined by time.
οἱ πεπασμοὶ ἔξω ἢ ἔσω ῥέπουσιν ἢ ἄλλῃ ὅπη δεῖ.
The coctions tend outwards or inwards, or elsewhere as is necessary.
Εὐλαβείη· ἀπειρίη· δυσπειρίη· μαδαρότης· σπλάγχνων κενότης, τοῖσι κάτω πλήρωσις, τοῖσιν ἄνω, τροφή·
Caution; inexperience; difficulty of trial; baldness; emptiness of the viscera, repletion for the lower parts, nourishment for the upper parts.
ἀναῤῥοπίη, καταῤῥοπίη·
Upward tendency, downward tendency.
τὰ αὐτόματα, ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἃ ὠφελέει καὶ βλάπτει ξυγγενὲς εἶδος, χώρη, ἔθος, ἡλικίη, ὥρη;
Spontaneous movements, upward and downward; what benefits and what harms; constitution, region, habit, age, season.
κατάστασις νούσου, ὑπερβολὴ, ἔλλειψις, οἷσιν ὁκόσον λείπεται, ἢ οὔ·
State of the disease, excess, deficiency, in whom, how much is lacking, or not.
κάθαρσις καὶ κένωσις, ἄκη·
Purification and evacuation are remedies.
ἔκκλισις· παροχέτευσις ἢ ἐς τὴν κεφαλὴν, ἢ ἐς τὰ πλάγια, ᾗ μάλιστα ῥέπει·
Deflection; derivation, either to the head, or to the sides, whither it chiefly tends.
ἢ ἀντίσπασις, ἐπὶ τοῖσιν ἄνω, κάτω, ἄνω, ἐπὶ τοῖσι κάτω·
Or revulsion, downward for the upper parts, upward for the lower parts.
ἢ ξηρῆναι· ἢ οἷσι τὰ κάτω, ἢ ἄνω ἐκπλύνεται, ἢ οἷσι παρηγορήσεται·
Or to dry; or those things by which the lower or upper parts are washed out, or by which relief will be given.
μὴ τὰ ἐκκεχυμωμένα ἐς τὸ ἔσω ἀπολαμβάνειν, ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀφόδους ξηραίνειν.
Do not shut up inside the humors that have been effused, but dry up the discharges.
Τάραξις, κατάκλυσις, διάνιψις, οἷσιν ἀποστήσεται πρὸς ἕδρην, ὅθεν ἀθέλγεται, ἢ φάρμακον, ἢ ἕλκος, ἢ χυμός τις συνεστηκὼς, ἢ βλάστημα, ἢ φῦσα, ἢ σῖτος, ἢ θηρίον, ἢ καῦμα, ἢ ἄλλο τι πάθος.
Disturbance, drenching, thorough washing, by which there will be a metastasis to the anus, whence it is drawn off; or a medicine, or an ulcer, or a condensed humor, or a growth, or wind, or food, or a worm, or heat, or some other affection.
§22.
2.
Σκεπτέα ταῦτα· τὰ αὐτόματα λήγοντα, ἢ οἷον αἱ ἀπὸ καυμάτων ἐπεγειρόμεναι φλυκτίδες, ἐφ᾿ οἷσιν οἷα βλάπτει ἢ ὠφελέει, σχήματα, κίνησις, μετεωρισμὸς, παλινίδρυσις, ὕπνος, ἐγρήγορσις, ἁλύκη, χάσμη, φρίκη, ἅτε ποιητέα ἢ κωλυτέα, φθάσαι.
These things must be considered: things that cease spontaneously, or such as blisters raised by burns; under what circumstances what things harm or benefit; postures, movement, elevation, subsidence, sleep, waking, restlessness, yawning, shivering, whether these are to be produced or prevented, to anticipate.
Παίδευσις ἐμέτου, κάτω διεξόδου, πτυάλου, μύξης, βηχὸς, ἐρεύξιος, λυγμοῦ, φύσης, οὔρου, πταρμοῦ, δακρύων, κνησμῶν, τιλμῶν, ψαυσίων, δίψης, λιμοῦ, πλησμονῆς, ὕπνων, πόνων, ἀπονίης, σώματος, γνώμης, μαθήσιος, μνήμης, φωνῆς, σιγῆς.
The training of: vomiting, downward passage, saliva, mucus, cough, eructation, hiccup, wind, urine, sneezing, tears, itching, plucking, touching, thirst, hunger, repletion, sleep, pains, painlessness, body, mind, learning, memory, voice, silence.
§33.
3.
Τῇ ὑστερικῇ καθάρσεις, τὰ ἄνωθεν καταῤῤηγνύμενα, καὶ στροφοῦντα, λιπαρὰ, ἄκρητα, ἀφρώδεα, θερμὰ, δάκνοντα, ἰώδεα, ποικίλα, ξυσματώδεα, τρυγώδεα, αἱματώδεα, ἄφυσα, ὠμὰ, ἑφθὰ, αὖα, ἅσσα περιῤῥέοι, εὐφορίην καθορέων ἢ δυσφόρίην, πρὶν κίνδυνον εἶναι, οἷα οὐ δεῖ παύέιν.
For a hysterical woman, purifications; things that break out violently from above, and cause colic, oily, unmixed, frothy, hot, acrid, rust-colored, variegated, scrape-like, dreggy, bloody, without wind, raw, cocted, dry, whatever may flow around; observing whether she bears it easily or with difficulty, before danger arises, which things ought not to be stopped.
Πεπασμὸς, κατάβασις τῶν κάτω, ἐπιπόλασις τῶν ἄνω, καὶ τὰ ἐξ ὑστερέων, καὶ ὁ ἐν ὠσὶ ῥύπος· ὀργασμὸς, ἄνοιξις, κένωσις, θάλψις, ψύξις, ἔσωθεν, ἔξωθεν, τῶν μὲν, τῶν δ᾿ οὔ.
Coction, descent of lower parts, floating up of upper parts, discharges from the uterus, earwax; swelling, opening, evacuation, warming, cooling, from within, from without, of some indeed, of others not.
Ὁκόταν ἐῃ κάτωθεν ὀμφαλοῦ τὸ στρέφον, βραδὺς, μαλθακὸς ὁ στρόφος, ἔμπαλιν δὲ ἐς τοὐναντίον.
Whenever that which causes colic is below the navel, the colic is slow and mild, but when above, the contrary.
§4a4.
4.
Τὰ διαχωρέοντα, ᾗ ῥέπει, ἄναφρα, πέπονα, ὠμὰ, ψυχρὰ, δυσώδεα, ξηρὰ, ὑγρά.
Excrements, whither they tend, without foam, cocted, raw, cold, fetid, dry, wet.
Μὴ καυσώδεσι δίψα πρόσθεν μὴ ἐνεοῦσα, μηδὲ καῦμα, μηδὲ ἄλλη πρόφασις, οὖρον, ῥινὸς ὑγρασμός.
In those who do not have burning fever, thirst not previously existing, nor burning heat, nor any other cause; urine, moisture of the nose.
§4bΤὴν ἔῤῥιψιν, καὶ τὸν αὐασμὸν, καὶ τὸ ἀσύμπτωτον, καὶ τὸ θολερὸν πνεῦμα, ὑποχόνδριον, ἄκρεα, ὄμματα προσκακούμενα, χρώματος. μεταβολὴ, σφυγμοὶ, ψύξιες, παλμοὶ σκληρυσμὸς δέρματος, νεύρων, ἄρθρων, φωνῆς, γνώμης, σχῆμα ἑκούσιον, τρίχες, ὄνυχες, τὸ εὔφορον, ἢ μὴ οἷα δεῖ.
Tossing about, dryness, absence of collapse, turbid breath; hypochondrium, extremities, eyes being affected, color; change, pulses, chilliness, palpitations, hardening of skin, nerves, joints, voice, mind; voluntary posture; hair, nails; whether well tolerated or not as they should be.
Σημήϊα ταῦτα;
Are these signs?
ὀδμαὶ χρωτὸς, στόματος, ὠτὸς, διαχωρήματος, φύσης, οὔρου, ἕλκεος; ἱδρῶτος, πτυάλου, ῥινὸς, χρὼς ἁλμυρὸς, ἢ πτύαλον, ἢ ῥὶς, ἢ δάκρυον, ἢ ἄλλοι χυμοί·
Odors of the skin, mouth, ear, excrement, wind, urine, ulcer; of sweat, saliva, nose; salty skin, or saliva, or nose, or tear, or other humors.
πάντη ὅμοια τὰ ὠφελέοντα, τὰ βλάπτοντα.
The things that benefit and those that harm are in every way similar.
Ἐνύπνια οἷα ἂν ὁρέῃ, καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ὕπνοισιν οἷα ἂν ποιέῃ, ἢν ἀκούῃ ὀξὺ, καὶ πυθέσθαι προθυμέηται, ἐν τῷ λογισμῷ μέζω καὶ ἰσχυρότερα τὰ πλείω, ἐπίκαιρα, σώζοντα· μὴ ἐπίκαιρα, τῶν ἑτέρων· ἢν αἰσθάνωνται πάσῃ αἰσθήσει πάντων, καὶ φέρωσιν, ὁκοῖον ὀδμὰς, λόγους, ἱμάτια, σχήματα.
Dreams, of what kind he sees, and what he does in sleep; if he hears acutely and is eager to inquire, in his reasoning the majority of things are larger and stronger, appropriate, saving; not appropriate, belonging to the other class; if they perceive all things with every sense, and bear them, such as odors, words, garments, postures.
Τοιαῦτα εὐφόρως, ἅπερ καὶ αὐτόματα ἐπιφαινόμενα ὠφελέει, καὶ ὁκότε κρίσιν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐμποιέει, καὶ τοσαῦτα, καὶ τοιαῦτα, οἷον φῦσαι, οὖρον, οἷον καὶ ὁκόσον καὶ ὁκότε· ὁκόσα δ᾿ ἐναντία, ἀποτρέπειν, μάχεσθαι αὐτοῖσιν.
Such things are borne easily, which also, appearing spontaneously, benefit; and when such things produce a crisis, and of what amount and of what kind, such as wind, urine, of what kind and how much and when; but whatever are contrary, one must avert and fight against them.
Τὰ ἐγγὺς καὶ τὰ κοινὰ τοῖσι παθήμασι πρῶτα καὶ μάλιστα κακοῦται.
The parts near and common to the affections are damaged first and most.