§3838.
38.
Νόμος ἐμβολῆς καὶ διορθώσιος, ὄνος, μοχλὸς, σφηνίσκος, ἴπος, ὄνος μὲν ἀπάγειν, μοχλὸς δὲ παράγειν.
The rule of reduction and correction: the windlass, the lever, the wedge, the press; the windlass is for drawing, the lever for moving aside.
Τὰ δὲ ἐμβλητέα ἢ διορθωτέα διαναγκάσαι δεῖ ἐκτείνοντα, ἐν ᾧ ἂν ἕκαστα σχήματι μέλλῃ ὑπεραιωρηθήσεσθαι· τὸ δ᾿ ἐκβὰν, ὑπὲρ τούτου ὅθεν ἐξέβη·
The parts to be reduced or corrected must be forced apart by traction, in whichever posture each part is about to be lifted over the obstacle; and the dislocated part (is to be brought) over that from which it was dislocated.
τοῦτο δὲ, ἢ χερσὶν, ἢ κρεμασμῷ, ἢ ὄνοισιν, ἢ περί τι.
And this is done either by hands, or by suspension, or by windlasses, or around something.
Χερσὶ μὲν οὖν ὀρθῶς κατὰ μέρεα· καρπὸν δὲ καὶ ἀγκῶνα ἀπόχρη διαναγκάζειν, καρπὸν μὲν ἐς ἰθὺ ἀγκῶνος, ἀγκῶνα δὲ ἐγγώνιον πρὸς βραχίονα ἔχοντα, οἷον παρὰ τῷ βραχίονι τὸ ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖρα ὑποτεινόμενον.
By hands, then, it is done correctly according to the parts; and for the wrist and elbow, forcing apart is sufficient—the wrist being held straight in line with the elbow, and the elbow held at a right angle to the arm, as when the part extending under the hand is stretched along the arm.
Ἐν οἷσι δὲ δακτύλου ποδὸς, χειρὸς, καρποῦ, ὑβώματος τὸ ἔξω διαναγκάσαι δεῖ καὶ καταναγκάσαι, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ὑπὸ χειρῶν αἱ διαναγκάσεις ἱκαναὶ, καταναγκάσαι δὲ τὰ ὑπερέχοντα ἐς ἕδρην πτέρνῃ ἢ θέναρι ἐπί τινος· ὥστε κατὰ μὲν τὸ ἐξέχον ὑποκέεσθαι ὄγκον σύμμετρον μαλθακόν· κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἕτερον μὴ στορέσαντα χρὴ ὠθέειν ὀπίσω καὶ κάτω, ἤν τε ἔσω, ἤν τε ἔξω ἐκπεπτώκῃ· τὰ δ᾿ ἐκ πλαγίων, τὰ μὲν ἀπωθέειν, τὰ δὲ ἀντωθέειν ὀπίσω ἀμφότερα κατὰ τὸ ἕτερον.
In cases where one must force apart and press down a toe, a finger, the wrist, or an outward curvature (kyphosis): for the others, forcing apart by the hands is sufficient, but to press down the protruding parts into their seat, one must do so with the heel or the palm-base upon something, so that under the protruding part a moderate, soft cushion is placed; and on the other side, without laying any cushion, one must push backward and downward, whether it has slipped inward or outward; and for lateral displacements, one must push one part away and push the other back, both backward against the other.
Τὰ δὲ ὑβώματα, τὰ μὲν ἔσω οὔτε πταρμῷ, οὕτε βηχὶ, οὔτε φύσης ἐνέσει, οὔτε σικύῃ· εἰ δέ τι, ἡ κατάτασις.
But as for inward curvatures (lordosis), they are not corrected by sneezing, nor by coughing, nor by injection of air, nor by cupping; if anything is of use, it is strong traction.
Ἡ δὲ ἀπάτη, ὅτι οἴονταί ποτε καταγέντων σπονδύλων, καὶ τὰ λορδώματα διὰ τὴν ὀδύνην δοκέει ἔσω ὠλισθηκέναι· ταῦτα δὲ ταχύφυα καὶ ῥᾴδια.
The deception is that people sometimes think, when the vertebrae are fractured, and the lordoses because of the pain seem to have slipped inward; but these are quick to recover and easy.
Τὰ δὲ ἔξω, κατάσεισις, τὰ μὲν ἄνω ἐπὶ πόδας, τὰ δὲ κάτω τἀναντία· κατανάγκασις δὲ σὺν κατατάσει, ἢ ἕδρῃ, ἢ ποδὶ, ἢ σανίδι.
For outward curvatures, shake-down (kataseisis) is used: for the upper parts, toward the feet; for the lower, the opposite; and pressing down along with traction, either with the seat, the foot, or a board.
Τὰ δ᾿ ἔνθα ἢ ἔνθα, εἴ τι, ἡ κατάτασις, καὶ ἔτι τὰ σχήματα ἐν τῇ διαίτῃ.
For curvatures to this side or that, if anything is of use, it is traction, and also the postures during treatment.
Τὰ ἄρμενα πάντα εἶναι πλατέα, προσηνέα, ἰσχυρά· εἰ δὲ μὴ, δεῖ ῥάκεσι προκατειλίχθαι· ἐσκευάσθαι πρὶν ἢ ἐν τῇσιν ἀνάγκῃσι, πάντα συμμεμετρημένως τὰ μήκεα, καὶ ὕψεα, καὶ εὔρεα.
All apparatus must be wide, soft, and strong; if not, they must be wrapped beforehand with rags; they must be prepared before being used under compulsion, all measured proportionally in length, height, and width.
Διάτασις οἷον μηροῦ, τὸ παρὰ σφυρὸν δεδέσθαι, καὶ ἄνω τοῦ γούνατος, ταῦτα μὲν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τείνοντα· παρὰ δ᾿ ἰξύϊ, καὶ περὶ μασχάλας, καὶ κατὰ περίνεον, καὶ μηρὸν, τὰ μεταξὺ, τῆς ἀρχῆς τὸ μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ στῆθος, τὸ δ᾿ ἐπὶ νῶτον τείνοντα, ταῦτα δ᾿ ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ ἅπαντα τείνοντα, προσδεθέντα ἢ πρὸς ὑπεροειδέα, ἢ πρὸς ὄνον.
Traction of, for instance, the thigh: the binding is near the ankle and above the knee, pulling in the same direction; and at the loin, around the armpits, at the perineum, and the thigh in between, with one part of the band pulling toward the chest and the other toward the back, all of these pulling in the same direction, being bound to a peg or a windlass.
Ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν κλίνης ποιέοντι, τοῦτο μὲν τῶν ποδῶν πρὸς οὐδὸν χρὴ ἐρεῖσαι, πρὸς δὲ τὸ ἕτερον, ξύλον ἰσχυρὸν πλάγιον παραβεβλῆσθαι, τὰ δὲ ὔπερθεν ὑπεροειδέα πρὸς ταῦτα ἀντιστηρίζοντα διατείνειν, ἢ πλήμνας κατορύξαντα, ἢ κλίμακα διαθέντα, ἀμφωτέρωθεν ὠθέειν.
Thus, when doing this on a bed, one must press the feet (of the bed) against the threshold, and on the other side, a strong piece of wood must be laid crosswise; and the upright pegs above, bracing against these, must perform the traction, or, after digging wheel-hubs into the ground, or laying a ladder across, one must push from both sides.
Τὸ δὲ κοινὸν, σανὶς ἑξάπηχυς, εὖρος δίπηχυς, πάχος σπιθαμῆς, ἔχουσα ὄνους δύο ταπεινοὺς ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν, ἔχουσα δὲ καὶ κατὰ μέσον στυλίσκους ξυμμέτρους, ἐξ ὧν ὡς κλιμακτὴρ ἥρμοσται ἐς τὴν ὑπόστασιν τῷ ξύλῳ, ὥσπερ τῷ κατ᾿ ὦμον· καταγλύφους δὲ, ὥσπερ ληνοὺς, λείας ἔχειν, τετραδακτύλους εὖρος καὶ βάθος, καὶ διαλιπεῖν τοσοῦτον, ὅσον αὐτῇ τῇ μοχλεύσει ἐς διόρθωσιν· ἐν μέσῳ δὲ τετράγωνον καταγλυφὴν, ὥστε στυλίσκον ἐνεῖναι, ὃς παρὰ περίνεον ἐὼν περιῤῥέπειν τε κωλύσει, ἐών τε ὑποχάλαρος ὑπομοχλεύσει.
The common apparatus is a board six cubits long, two cubits wide, and a span thick, having two low windlasses on either side, and also having in the middle moderate posts, from which, like a ladder-step, a bar is fitted to the base, just like that for the shoulder; and it should have smooth channels carved like wine-presses, four fingers wide and deep, and separated by as much space as is necessary for the levering itself for the correction; and in the middle a square carved recess, so that a small post can be inside, which, being near the perineum, will prevent the body from slipping aside, and, being somewhat loose, will act as a lever from below.
Χρὴ δὲ, τῆς σανίδος [ἢ] ἐν τῷ τοίχῳ [τὸ ἄκρον] καταγεγλυμμένον τι ἐχούσης, τοῦ ξύλου ὦσαι τὸ ἄκρον, ἐπὶ δὲ θάτερα καταναγκάζειν, ὑποτιθέντα μαλθακά τινα σύμμετρα.
And it is necessary, when the board has a carved recess in the wall, to push the end of the lever into it, and to press down on the other end, placing some moderate soft pads underneath.
§3939.
39.
Οἷσιν ὀστέον ἀπὸ ὑπερῴης ἀπῆλθε, μέση ἵζει ἡ ῥὶς τουτέοισιν.
In those from whom a bone from the palate has come away, the nose sinks in the middle.
Οἱ δὲ φλώμενοι κεφαλὰς ἄνευ ἕλκεος, ἢ πεσόντος, ἢ κατάξαντος, ἢ πιέσαντος, τουτέων ἐνίοισι τὰ δριμέα ἔρχεται ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς κατὰ τὰς φάρυγγας, καὶ ἀπὸ τρώματος ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ, καὶ ἐς τὸ ἧπαρ, καὶ ἐς τὸν μηρόν.
And of those who receive contusions on their heads without a wound, either from a fall, or a fracture, or pressure, in some of them acrid humors flow from the head down the pharynx, and also from a wound in the head, even to the liver and to the thigh.