§1717.
17.
Τοὺς δὲ ξύμπαντας ἐμπύους γιγνώσκειν χρὴ τοισίδε τοῖσι σημείοισι.
One must recognize all empyema patients by the following signs.
Πρῶτον μὲν, ὁ πυρετὸς οὐκ ἀφίησιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν ἡμέρην λεπτὸς ἴσχει, τὴν δὲ νύκτα πλείων, καὶ ἱδρῶτες πολλοὶ ἐπιγίγνονται, βῆξαί τε θυμὸς ἐγγίγνεται αὐτέοισιν, καὶ ἀποπτύουσιν οὐδὲν ἄξιον λόγου, καὶ οἱ μὲν ὀφθαλμοὶ ἔγκοιλοι γίγνονται, αἱ δὲ γνάθοι ἐρυθήματα ἴσχουσι, καὶ οἱ μὲν ὄνυχες τῶν χειρῶν γρυποῦνται, οἱ δὲ δάκτυλοι θερμαίνονται, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ ἄκροι, καὶ ἐν τοῖσι ποσὶν οἰδήματα γίγνεται, καὶ σιτίων οὐκ ἐπιθυμέουσι, καὶ φλύκταιναι γίγνονται ἀνὰ τὸ σῶμα.
First, the fever does not remit, but is slight during the day and greater during the night, and copious sweats supervene; and an impulse to cough arises in them, yet they spit up nothing of any consequence. Their eyes become hollow, and their cheeks show flushes; their fingernails become curved, and their fingers become warm, especially at the tips; swelling occurs in their feet, they have no appetite for food, and blisters arise over the body.
Ὁκόσα μὲν οὖν ἐγχρονίζει τῶν ἐμπυημάτων, ἔχει τὰ σημεῖα ταῦτα, καὶ πιστεύειν αὐτέοισι χρὴ κάρτα· ὁκόσα δὲ ὀλιγοχρόνιά ἐστι, τουτέοισιν ἐπισημαίνεται, ἤν τι ἐπιφαίνηται, οἷα καὶ τοῖσιν ἐν ἀρχῇσι γιγνομένοισιν, ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἤν τι δυσπνούστερος ᾖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος.
Now, those of the empyemas that are of long duration have these signs, and one must trust them greatly; but those of short duration are indicated if any such symptoms appear as occur also at the beginning, and at the same time if the patient is somewhat more short of breath.
Τὰ δὲ ταχύτερον αὐτέων καὶ βραδύτερον ῥηγνύμενα τοισίδε γιγνώσκειν χρή· ἢν μὲν ὁ πόνος ἐν ἀρχῇσι γίγνηται, καὶ ἡ δύσπνοια καὶ ἡ βὴξ καὶ ὁ πτυαλισμὸς διατείνῃ, ἐς τὰς εἴκοσιν ἡμέρας προσδέχεσθαι τὴν ῥῆξιν, ἢ καὶ ἔτι πρόσθεν· ἢν δὲ ἡσυχαίτερος ὁ πόνος ᾖ, καὶ τἄλλα πάντα κατὰ λόγον, τουτέοισι προσδέχεσθαι τὴν ῥῆξιν ἐς ὕστερον·
One must recognize those that burst more quickly and more slowly by the following: if the pain occurs at the beginning, and the shortness of breath, the cough, and the spitting continue, one should expect the bursting within twenty days, or even sooner; but if the pain is more gentle, and all other things are in proportion, in these one should expect the bursting later.
γίγνεσθαι δὲ ἀνάγκη καὶ πόνον καὶ δύσπνοιαν καὶ πτυαλισμὸν πρὸ τῆς τοῦ πύου ῥήξιος.
However, it is inevitable that both pain, shortness of breath, and spitting occur before the bursting of the pus.
Περιγίγνονται δὲ τουτέων μάλιστα μὲν οὕς ἂν ἀφῇ ὁ πυρετὸς αὐθημερὸν μετὰ τὴν ῥῆξιν, καὶ σιτίων ταχέως ἐπιθυμέωσι, καὶ δίψης ἀπηλλαγμένοι ἔωσι, καὶ ἡ γαστὴρ σμικρά τε καὶ ξυνεστηκότα ὑποχωρέῃ, καὶ τὸ πῦον λευκόν τε καὶ λεῖον καὶ ὁμόχροον ᾖ καὶ φλέγματος ἀπηλλαγμένον, καὶ ἄτερ πόνου τε καὶ βηχὸς ἰσχυρῆς ἀνακαθαίρηται.
Among these, those survive especially whom the fever remits on the very day of the bursting, and who quickly regain an appetite for food, are freed from thirst, whose bowels discharge small and solid stools, and whose pus is white, smooth, uniform in color, free from phlegm, and is cleared out without pain and without severe coughing.
Ἄριστα μὲν οὕτω καὶ τάχιστα ἀπαλλάσσουσιν· ἢν δὲ μὴ, οἷσιν ἂν ἐγγυτάτω τουτέων γίγνηται.
In this way they recover best and quickest; otherwise, those recover whose condition is nearest to these.
Ἀπόλλυνται δὲ οὓς ἂν ὅ τε πυρετὸς μὴ ἀφῇ, ἢ δοκέων αὐτέους ἀφιέναι, αὖθις φαίνηται ἀναθερμαινόμενος, καὶ δίψαν μὲν ἔχωσι, σιτίων δὲ μὴ ἐπιθυμέωσι, καὶ ἡ κοιλίη ὑγρὴ ᾖ, καὶ τὸ πῦον χλωρὸν ἢ πελιὸν πτύῃ, ἢ φλεγματῶδες καὶ ἀφρῶδες· ἢν ταῦτα πάντα γίγνηται, ἀπόλλυνται·
But those perish whom the fever does not remit, or if appearing to remit, is seen to heat up again, and who have thirst but no appetite for food, whose belly is loose, and who spit up pus that is greenish-yellow, livid, or phlegmy and frothy; if all these things occur, they perish.
ὁκόσοισι δ᾿ ἂν τουτέων τὰ μὲν ἐπιγένηται, τὰ δὲ μὴ, οἱ μὲν αὐτέων ἀπόλλυνται, οἱ δὲ ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ περιγίγνονται.
But in those in whom some of these signs supervene and others do not, some of them perish, while others survive after a long time.
Ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ πάντων τῶν τεκμηρίων τῶν ἐόντων ἐν τουτέοισι σημαίνεσθαι, καὶ τοῖσιν ἄλλοισι πᾶσιν. §1818.
Yet, one must form a judgment from all the signs that are present in these, and from all the other signs. 18.
Ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἀποστάσιες γίγνονται ἐκ τῶν περιπλευμονικῶν νουσημάτων παρὰ τὰ ὦτα, καὶ ἐκπυέουσιν, ἢ ἐς τὰ κάτω χωρία, καὶ συριγγοῦνται, οὗτοι περιγίγνονται.
Those in whom, from peripneumonic diseases, metastases occur near the ears and suppurate, or into the lower parts and form fistulae, these survive.
Ἐπισκέπτεσθαι δὲ χρὴ τὰ τοιαῦτα ὧδε· ἢν ὅ τε πυρετὸς ἔχῃ, καὶ ἡ ὀδύνη μὴ παύηται, καὶ τὸ πτύελον μὴ ἐκχωρέῃ κατὰ λόγον, μηδὲ χολώδεες αἱ τῆς κοιλίης διαχωρήσιες, μηδὲ εὔλυτοί τε καὶ ἄκρητοι γίγνοιντο, καὶ μηδὲ τὸ οὖρον πουλύ τε κάρτα καὶ πολλὴν ὑπόστασιν ἔχον, ὑπηρετέηται δὲ πεοιεστικῶς ὑπὸ τῶν λοιπῶν πάντων τῶν περιεστικῶν σημείων, τουτέοισι χρὴ τὰς τοιαύτας ἀποστάσιας ἐλπίζειν ἔσεσθαι.
One must investigate such cases as follows: if the fever continues, and the pain does not cease, and the sputum is not discharged in due proportion, nor are the bowel movements bilious, nor do they become loose and undigested, nor is the urine very abundant and containing a large sediment, but is assisted in a favorable way by all the other signs of survival, in these one must expect such metastases to occur.
Γίγνονται δὲ αἱ μὲν ἐς τὰ κάτω χωρία, οἷσιν ἂν περὶ τὰ ὑποχόνδρια τοῦ φλέγματός τι ἐγγένηται· αἱ δὲ ἄνω, οἷσι τὸ ὑποχόνδριον λαπαρόν τε καὶ ἀνώδυνον διατελέῃ, δύσπνοος δέ τινα χρόνον γενόμενος παύσηται, ἄτερ φανερῆς προφάσιος ἄλλης.
Those into the lower parts occur in those who have some phlegm around the hypochondria; but those above occur in those whose hypochondrium continues to be soft and free from pain, and who, having been short of breath for some time, cease to be so without any other obvious cause.
Αἱ δὲ ἀποστάσιες αἱ ἐς τὰ σκέλεα ἐν τῇσι περιπλευμονίῃσι τῇσιν ἰσχυρῇσί τε καὶ ἐπικινδύνοισι λυσιτελέες μὲν πᾶσαι, ἄρισται δὲ αἱ τοῦ πτυέλου ἐν μεταβολῇ ἐόντος γιγνόμεναι· εἰ γὰρ τὸ οἴδημα καὶ ἡ ὀδύνη γίγνοιτο, τοῦ πτυέλου ἀντὶ ξανθοῦ πυώδεος γενομένου καὶ ἐκχωρέοντος ἔξω, οὕτως ἂν ἀσφαλέστατα ὅ τε ἄνθρωπος περιγίγνοιτο, καὶ ἡ ἀπόστασις ἀνώδυνος τάχιστα παύσαιτο·
The metastases into the legs in severe and dangerous peripneumonias are all beneficial, but the best are those that occur when the sputum is in transition; for if the swelling and pain should occur while the sputum, instead of being yellow, becomes purulent and is discharged outwards, in this way the patient would survive most safely, and the metastasis would cease painlessly and very quickly.
εἰ δὲ τὸ πτύελον μὴ ἐκχωρέοι καλῶς, μηδὲ τὸ οὖρον ὑπόστασιν ἀγαθὴν ἔχον φαίνοιτο, κίνδυνος χωλὸν γενέσθαι τὸ ἄρθρον ἢ πολλὰ πρήγματα παρασχεῖν.
But if the sputum is not discharged well, nor does the urine appear to have a good sediment, there is a danger that the joint will become lame or cause many troubles.
Ἢν δὲ ἀφανίζωνται καὶ παλινδρομέωσιν αἱ ἀποστάσιες, τοῦ πτυέλου μὴ ἐκχωρέοντος, καὶ τοῦ πυρετοῦ ἔχοντος, δεινόν· κίνδυνος γὰρ μὴ παραφρονήσῃ καὶ ἀποθάνῃ ὁ ἄνθρωπος.
If the metastases disappear and recede, while the sputum is not discharged and the fever continues, it is dreadful; for there is a danger that the patient will become delirious and die.
Τῶν δὲ ἐμπύων τῶν ἐκ τῶν περιπλευμονικῶν οἱ γεραίτεροι μᾶλλον ἀπόλλυνται· ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἐμπυημάτων οἱ νεώτεροι μᾶλλον ἀποθνήσκουσιν.
Of the empyema patients from peripneumonias, the older perish more; but of the other suppurations, the younger die more.
Ὁκόσοι δὲ τῶν ἐμπύων καίονται ἢ τέμνονται, οἷσιν ἂν καθαρὸν μὲν τὸ πῦον ᾖ καὶ λευκὸν καὶ μὴ δυσῶδες, σώζονται· οἷσι δὲ ὕφαιμόν τε καὶ βορβορῶδες, ἀπόλλυνται.
Of those empyema patients who are cauterized or cut, those in whom the pus is clean, white, and not foul-smelling are saved; but those in whom it is bloody and muddy perish.