§1818.
18.
Δῆλα δὲ ταῦτα ὅτι ὧδε ἔχει ἐπὶ τῶνδε τῶν σημείων·
That these things are so is clear from the following signs.
πρῶτον μέν ἐστι φανερώτατα ὧν πάντες ἔμπειροι πολλάκις ἤδη ἐσμέν τε καὶ ἐσόμεθα.
First, they are the most obvious things, of which we all have already often had experience and shall have in the future.
Τοῦτο μὲν, ὅσοισιν ἂν ἡμέων κόρυζα ἐγγένηται καὶ ῥεῦμα κινηθῇ διὰ τῶν ῥινέων, τοῦτο ὡς πολὺ δριμύτερον τοῦ πρότερον γινομένου τε καὶ ἰόντος ἐκ τῶν ῥινέων καθ᾿ ἑκάστην ἡμέρην, καὶ οἰδέειν μὲν ποιέει τὴν ῥῖνα, καὶ ξυγκαίει θερμήν τε καὶ διάπυρον ἐσχάτως·
For instance, in as many of us as a cold occurs and a discharge is set in motion through the nostrils, this is much more acrid than that which was previously produced and went out of the nostrils every day; and it causes the nose to swell, and inflames it to be extremely hot and burning.
ἢν δὲ τὴν χεῖρα προσφέρῃς καὶ πλείω χρόνον παρέῃ, καὶ ἐξελκοῦται τὸ χωρίον, ἄσαρκόν τε καὶ σκληρὸν ἐόν.
If you apply your hand to it, and it remains for a longer time, the place even becomes ulcerated, being fleshless and hard.
Παύεται δέ πως τό γε καῦμα ἐκ τῆς ῥινὸς, οὐχ ὅταν τὸ ῥεῦμα γίνηται καὶ ἡ φλεγμονὴ ἔῃ· ἀλλ᾿ ἐπειδὰν παχύτερόν τε καὶ ἧσσον δριμὸ ῥέῃ πέπον τε καὶ μεμιγμένον μᾶλλον τῷ πρότερον γινομένῳ, τότ᾿ ἤδη καὶ τὸ καῦμα πέπαυται·
But the burning heat in the nose does not cease when the discharge occurs and the inflammation is present; rather, when it flows thicker and less acrid, and is concocted and more mixed with what was previously produced, then indeed the burning heat also ceases.
ἀλλ᾿ οἷσι δὲ ὑπὸ ψύχεος φανερῶς αὐτέου μούνου γίνεται, μηδενὸς ἄλλου ξυμπαραγενομένου, πᾶσιν αὔτή ἡ ἀπαλλαγὴ, ἐκ μὲν τῆς ψύξιος διαθερμανθῆναι, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ καύματος διαψυχθῆναι, καὶ ταῦτα ταχέως παραγίνεται καὶ πέψιος οὐδεμιῆς προσδέεται.
But for those in whom symptoms occur visibly from cold alone, with nothing else accompanying it, the release for all of them is to be thoroughly warmed from the chill, and to be thoroughly cooled from the burning heat, and these things happen quickly and do not require any concoction.
Τὰ δ᾿ ἄλλα πάντα ὅσα διὰ χυμῶν δριμύτητας καὶ ἀκρησίας φημὶ ἔγωγε γίνεσθαι, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἀποκαθίσταται κρηθέντα καὶ πεφθέντα.
But all other things which I say occur through the acridity and unmixed state of humors are restored in the same way, by being mixed and concocted.
§1919.
19.
Ὅσα τ᾿ αὖ ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τρέπεται τῶν ῥευμάτων, ὡς ἰσχυρὰς καὶ παντοίας δριμύτητας ἔχοντα, ἑλκοῖ μὲν βλέφαρα, κατεσθίει δὲ ἐνίων γνάθους τε καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῖσιν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, ἐφ᾿ ὅ τι ἂν ἐπιρρυῇ, ῥήγνυσί τε καὶ διεσθίει τὸν ἀμφὶ τὴν ὄψιν χιτῶνα.
Again, as for those discharges that turn toward the eyes, since they have powerful and all kinds of acridity, they ulcerate the eyelids, and in some they eat away the cheeks and the parts under the eyes, wherever they flow, and they rupture and eat through the tunic around the eye.
Ὀδύναι δὲ καὶ καῦμα καὶ φλογμὸς ἔσχατος κατέχει μέχρι τινὸς, μέχρις ἂν τὰ ῥεύματα πεφθῇ καὶ γένηται παχύτερα, καὶ λήμη ἀπ᾿ αὐτέων ἴῃ· τὸ δὲ πεφθῆναι γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μιχθῆναι, κρηθῆναί τε ἀλλήλοισι καὶ ξυνεψηθῆναι.
Pain, burning heat, and extreme inflammation hold sway for a time, until the discharges are concocted and become thicker, and rheum issues from them; and the concoction occurs from being mixed, blended with one another, and boiled together.
Τοῦτο δ᾿, ὅσα ἐς τὴν φάρυγγα ἀφ᾿ ὧν βράγχοι γίνονται, κυνάγκαι, ἐρυσιπέλατα, περιπλευμονίαι, πάντα ταῦτα τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἁλμυρά τε καὶ ὑγρὰ καὶ δριμέα ἀφίει· καὶ ἐν τοῖσι τουτέοισιν ἔρρωται τὰ νουσήματα.
Likewise, all those things that go into the throat, from which hoarseness, quinsy, erysipelas, and pneumonia arise, at first discharge salty, watery, and acrid matter; and in these the diseases are strong.
Ὅταν δὲ παχύτερα καὶ πεπαίτερα γένηται καὶ πάσης δριμύτητος ἀπηλλαγμένα, τότ᾿ ἤδη καὶ οἱ πυρετοὶ λύονται καὶ τἄλλα τὰ λυπέοντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον·
But when they become thicker, more concocted, and freed from all acridity, then indeed the fevers are resolved and the other things that pain a man.
Δεῖ δὲ δήπου ταῦτα αἴτια ἑκάστου ἡγέεσθαι, ὧν παρεόντων μὲν τοιοῦτον τρόπον ἀνάγκη γίνεσθαι, μεταβαλλόντων δὲ ἐς ἄλλην χρῆσιν παύεσθαι.
Surely, one must consider these to be the causes of each, since when they are present in such a way, it must necessarily be so, but when they change to another mixture, they cease.
Ὁκόσα οὖν ἀπὸ αὐτέης τῆς θερμῆς εἰλικρινέος ἢ ψύξιος γίνηται, καὶ μὴ μετέχῃ ἄλλης δυνάμιος μηδεμιῆς, οὕτω παύοιτ᾿ ἂν, ὅταν μεταβάλλῃ ἐκ τοῦ ψυχροῦ ἐς τὸ θερμὸν, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ θερμοῦ ἐς τό ψυχρόν· μεταβάλλει δ᾿ ὅν μοι προείρηται τρόπον.
Therefore, as many things as occur from pure heat or cold itself, and do not share in any other power, would cease in this way, when they change from cold to hot, and from hot to cold; and they change in the manner I have described before.
Ἔτι τοίνυν τἄλλα ὅσα κακοπαθέει ἄνθρωπος, πάντα ἀπὸ δυνάμιων γίνεται.
Furthermore, all other things that a man suffers from arise from powers.
Τοῦτο μὲν, ὅταν πικρότης τις ἀποχυθῇ, ἣν δὴ χολὴν ξανθὴν καλέομεν, οἷαι· ἄσαι καὶ καῦμα καὶ ἀδυναμίαι κατέχουσιν·
First, when a certain bitterness is poured out, which indeed we call yellow bile, what distress, burning heat, and weakness hold sway!
ἀπαλλασσόμενοί τε τουτέου ἐνίοτε καὶ καθαιρόμενοι, ἢ αὐτόματοι, ἢ ὑπὸ φαρμάκου, ἢν ἐν καιρῷ τι αὐτέων γένηται, φανερῶς καὶ τῶν πόνων καὶ τῆς θερμῆς ἀπαλλάσσονται·
And when they are rid of this, sometimes being purged either of their own accord or by medicine, if any of these occurs in due season, they are visibly rid both of the pains and of the heat.
ὅσον δ᾿ οὖ χρόνον ταῦτα μετεώρα ἔῃ καὶ ἄπεπτα καὶ ἄκρητα, μηχανὴ οὐδεμίη οὔτε τῶν πόνων παύσασθαι οὔτε τῶν πυρετῶν.
But as long as these things are suspended, unconcocted, and unmixed, there is no way either to cease from the pains or from the fevers.
Καὶ οἷσι μὲν ὀξύτητες προσίστανται δριμεῖαί τε καὶ ἰώδεες, οἷαι λύσσαι, καὶ δήξιες σπλάγχνων καὶ θώρηκος, καὶ ἀπορίη· οὐ παύεται τουτέου πρότερον πρὶν ἢ ἀποκαθαρθῇ τε καὶ καταστορεσθῇ, καὶ μιχθῇ τοῖσιν ἄλλοισιν.
And for those in whom acrid and copper-green acids are present, which cause madness, and bitings in the viscera and chest, and distress; it does not cease before it is purged away, calmed, and mixed with the others.
Πέσσεσθαι δὲ καὶ μεταβάλλειν καὶ λεπτύνεσθαι καὶ παχύνεσθαι, ἐς χυμῶν εἶδος διὰ πολλῶν εἰδέων καὶ παντοίων· διὸ καὶ αἱ κρίσιες καὶ οἱ ἀριθμοὶ τῶν χρόνων ἐν τοῖσι τουτέοισι μέγα δύνανται.
Concoction, changing, thinning, and thickening go toward the form of the humors through many and various forms; wherefore the crises and the numbers of periods in these cases have great power.
Πάντων δὴ τουτέων ἥκιστα προσήκει θερμῷ ἢ ψυχρῷ πάσχειν· οὔτε γὰρ ἂν τοῦτό γε σαπῇ, οὔτε παχυνθῇ.
Of all these, it least belongs to hot or cold to be affected; for neither would this rot nor thicken.
Τί δ᾿ ἂν αὐτὸ φαίημεν εἶναι;
What then should we say it is?
Κρήσιας αὐτέων, ἄλλην πρὸς ἄλληλα ἐχούσας δύναμιν.
The mixtures of them, having different powers toward one another.
Ἐπεὶ ἄλλῳ γε οὐδενὶ τὸ θερμὸν μιχθὲν παύσεται τῆς θέρμης ἢ τῷ ψυχρῷ, οὐδέ γε πάλιν τὸ ψυχρὸν ἢ τῷ θερμῷ.
For the hot mixed with nothing else will cease from its heat than with the cold, nor again the cold than with the hot.
Τὰ δ᾿ ἄλλά πάντα περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὅσῳ ἂν πλέοσι μίσγηται, τοσούτῳ ἠπιώτερα καὶ βελτίονα.
But all other things about man, the more they are mixed with more things, the milder and better they are.
Πάντων δὲ ἄριστα διάκειται ὥνθρωπος, ὅταν πέσσηται καὶ ἐν ἡσυχίῃ ἔῃ, μηδεμίην δύναμιν ἰδίην ἀποδεικνύμενος.
And a man is in the best condition when he concocts and is at rest, displaying no individual power.
Περὶ μὲν οὖν τουτέων ἱκανῶς μοι ἡγεῦμαι ἐπιδεδεῖχθαι.
Concerning these things, then, I consider that I have sufficiently demonstrated.