Humanitext Reader

Marcus Aurelius · Meditations §9.9.1-9.9.3

Universal Natural Affinity and Human Fellowship

Passage 341 of 486 · Greek

Summary

The author explains the universal law of nature that all things of the same kind seek to unite with each other, showing that the power of connection increases with the level of being, from minerals and plants to animals, stars, and rational humans. Although humans currently forget this cooperation and try to isolate themselves, they can never escape the binding force of nature.

§9.9.1Πάντα ὅσα κοινοῦ τινος μετέχει πρὸς τὸ ὁμογενὲς σπεύδει.
Everything that participates in some common thing hastens towards what is of the same kind.
τὸ γεῶδες πᾶν ῥέπει ἐπὶ γῆν· τὸ ὑγρὸν πᾶν σύρρουν· τὸ ἀερῶδες ὁμοίως, ὥστε χρῄζειν τῶν διειργόντων καὶ βίας·
All that is earthy tends to earth, all that is liquid flows together, and all that is airy likewise, so that they need things to separate them and force.
τὸ πῦρ ἀνωφερὲς μὲν διὰ τὸ στοιχειῶδες πῦρ, παντὶ δὲ πυρὶ ἐνταῦθα πρὸς τὸ συνεξάπτεσθαι ἕτοιμον οὕτως, ὥστε καὶ πᾶν τὸ ὑλικὸν τὸ ὀλίγῳ ξηρότερον εὐέξαπτον εἶναι διὰ τὸ ἔλαττον ἐγκεκρᾶσθαι αὐτῷ τὸ κωλυτικὸν πρὸς ἔξαψιν.
Fire moves upwards because of the elemental fire, but here on earth it is so ready to catch fire together with every other fire, that everything material which is slightly drier is easily ignited, because there is mixed with it less of what hinders ignition.
καὶ τοίνυν πᾶν τὸ κοινῆς νοερᾶς φύσεως μέτοχον πρὸς τὸ συγγενὲς ὁμοίως σπεύδει ἢ καὶ μᾶλλον· ὅσῳ γάρ ἐστι κρεῖττον παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα, τοσούτῳ καὶ πρὸς τὸ συγκιρνᾶσθαι τῷ οἰκείῳ καὶ συγχεῖσθαι ἑτοιμότερον.
And so everything that participates in the common intellectual nature hastens likewise towards what is akin to it, or even more so; for by how much it is better than the rest, by so much is it readier to mix with and be blended with what is akin to it.
§9.9.2εὐθὺς γοῦν ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἀλόγων εὑρέθη σμήνη καὶ ἀγέλαι καὶ νεοσσοτροφίαι καὶ οἷον ἔρωτες· ψυχαὶ γὰρ ἤδη ἦσαν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὸ συναγωγὸν ἐν τῷ κρείττονι ἐπιτεινόμενον εὑρίσκετο, οἷον οὔτε ἐπὶ φυτῶν ἦν οὔτε ἐπὶ λίθων ἢ ξύλων.
Immediately, indeed, among irrational animals there were found swarms and herds and nurture of young, and as it were, loves; for there were already souls here, and the uniting principle was found intensified in the higher level, such as did not exist in plants or stones or pieces of wood.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν λογικῶν ζῴων πολιτεῖαι καὶ φιλίαι καὶ οἶκοι καὶ σύλλογοι καὶ ἐν πολέμοις συνθῆκαι καὶ ἀνοχαί.
And among rational animals there are states and friendships and households and assemblies, and in wars, treaties and armistices.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἔτι κρειττόνων καὶ ἐκ διεστηκότων τρόπον τινὰ ἕνωσις ὑπέστη οἵα ἐπὶ τῶν ἄστρων· οὕτως ἡ ἐπὶ τὸ κρεῖττον ἐπανάβασις συμπάθειαν καὶ ἐν διεστῶσιν ἐργάσασθαι ἐδύνατο.
And among those that are still better, even between things separated there arose a kind of union, such as exists among the stars; thus the ascent to the higher level was able to produce a sympathy even among things separated.
§9.9.3ὅρα οὖν τὸ νῦν γινόμενον· μόνα γὰρ τὰ νοερὰ νῦν ἐπιλέλησται τῆς πρὸς ἄλληλα σπουδῆς καὶ συννεύσεως καὶ τὸ σύρρουν ὧδε μόνον οὐ βλέπεται.
See then what happens now: for only intellectual beings have now forgotten their aspiration and inclination towards one another, and here alone the flowing together is not seen.
ἀλλ’ ὅμως καίτοι φεύγοντες περικαταλαμβάνονται· κρατεῖ γὰρ ἡ φύσις.
But nevertheless, even though they flee, they are caught and held; for nature prevails.
ὄψει δὲ ὃ λέγω παραφυλάσσων· θᾶσσον γοῦν εὕροι τις ἂν γεῶδές τι μηδενὸς γεώδους προσαπτόμενον ἤπερ ἄνθρωπον ἀνθρώπου ἀπεσχισμένον.
And you will see what I say if you observe; for indeed one would more quickly find something earthy not touching any other earthy thing than a human being completely severed from human being.

Notes

  1. 9.9.1ὥστε χρῄζειν τῶν διειργόντων καὶ βίας — A consecutive clause with ὥστε followed by the infinitive χρῄζειν ('to need'). Under the genitive government of χρῄζειν, the substantivized neuter plural present participle τῶν διειργόντων ('things that keep them apart') and the noun βίας ('force, compulsion') are juxtaposed.
  2. 9.9.1παντὶ δὲ πυρὶ ἐνταῦθα πρὸς τὸ συνεξάπτεσθαι ἕτοιμον οὕτως — The adjective ἕτοιμον modifies the subject of the main clause, τὸ πῦρ. The preceding dative παντὶ πυρὶ ('with every other fire') and the prepositional phrase πρὸς τὸ συνεξάπτεσθαι ('for catching fire together') both modify ἕτοιμον, explaining the property of earthly fire easily coordinating and spreading with other fire.
  3. 9.9.2τὸ συναγωγὸν ἐν τῷ κρείττονι ἐπιτεινόμενον εὑρίσκετο — For the verb εὑρίσκετο ('was found'), the substantivized neuter singular participle τὸ συναγωγὸν ('the unifying principle') acts as the subject, while the nominative present passive participle ἐπιτεινόμενον ('being intensified') functions predicatively, forming a participle construction with a verb of perception ('... was found to be intensified').
  4. 9.9.3θᾶσσον γοῦν εὕροι τις ἂν γεῶδές τι μηδενὸς γεώδους προσαπτόμενον ἤπερ ἄνθρωπον ἀνθρώπου ἀπεσχισμένον — A potential optative construction with ἄν and εὕροι ('one would find'). The comparative θᾶσσον ('more quickly, easily') correlates with the conjunction ἤπερ ('than') to contrast two accusative-participle phrases. In the second phrase, the perfect passive participle ἀπεσχισμένον ('severed') governs the genitive ἀνθρώπου as a genitive of separation.

Cite this passage

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations §9.9.1-9.9.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0562.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.9.1-9.9.3

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