Events Befalling According to Nature and Not Complaining

Notes

1. 8.46.1Ἀνθρώπῳ οὐδενὶ συμβαίνειν τι δύναται ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνθρωπικὸν σύμπτωμα — The infinitive phrase συμβαίνειν τι functions as the subject (or complementary infinitive) of δύναται, with the pronoun τι acting as the subject of the infinitive, governed by the dative Ἀνθρώπῳ οὐδενὶ. The relative pronoun ὃ (whose antecedent is τι) introduces the relative clause. The subsequent phrases starting with οὐδὲ βοὶ... elliptical constructions that omit the main verb complex συμβαίνειν τι δύναται.
2. 8.46.1ὃ καὶ εἴωθε καὶ πέφυκε — The relative pronoun ὃ functions as the subject of its clause without an explicit antecedent, creating a noun phrase meaning "that which [happens]." Among the two connected perfect verbs, εἴωθε (third-person singular of ἔωθα) means "to be accustomed, customary," and πέφυκε (perfect third-person singular of φύω) means "to be by nature, natural." Their juxtaposition emphasizes the alignment of custom and nature.
3. 8.46.1τί ἂν δυσχεραίνοις; — The combination of ἂν with the optative (δυσχεραίνοις) represents a potential optative, conveying a rhetorical question: "Why would/should you be vexed?" (implying there is no reason to be).