Humanitext Reader

Marcus Aurelius · Meditations §6.13.1

Stripping Away Vanity by Seeing Things as They Are

Passage 150 of 486 · Greek

Summary

Marcus Aurelius warns against being deceived by vanity, demonstrating how to expose the true nature of things by reducing delicacies, purple robes, sexual intercourse, and reputation to their raw physical components.

§6.13.1Οἷον δὴ τὸ φαντασίαν λαμβάνειν ἐπὶ τῶν ὄψων καὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἐδωδίμων, ὅτι νεκρὸς οὗτος ἰχθύος, οὗτος δὲ νεκρὸς ὄρνιθος ἢ χοίρου· καὶ πάλιν, ὅτι ὁ Φάλερνος χυλάριόν ἐστι σταφυλίου καὶ ἡ περιπόρφυρος τριχία προβατίου αἱματίῳ κόγχης δεδευμένα· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν συνουσίαν ἐντερίου παράτριψις καὶ μετά τινος σπασμοῦ μυξαρίου ἔκκρισις· οἷαι δὴ αὗταί εἰσιν αἱ φαντασίαι καθικνούμεναι αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ διεξιοῦσαι δι’ αὐτῶν, ὥστε ὁρᾶν οἷά τινά ποτέ ἐστιν·
Like receiving an impression in the case of delicacies and such eatables, that 'this is the dead body of a fish, and this the dead body of a bird or a pig'; and again, that 'Falernian wine is a little grape-juice, and the purple-edged robe is sheep's wool dyed in the blood of a shellfish'; and in the case of sexual intercourse, 'the friction of a gut and the secretion of a little mucus with a certain spasm'—just of this kind are these impressions, reaching the things themselves and penetrating through them, so as to see what kind of things they really are.
οὕτως δεῖ παρ’ ὅλον τὸν βίον ποιεῖν καὶ ὅπου λίαν ἀξιόπιστα τὰ πράγματα φαντάζεται, ἀπογυμνοῦν αὐτὰ καὶ τὴν εὐτέλειαν αὐτῶν καθορᾶν καὶ τὴν ἱστορίαν ἐφ’ ᾗ σεμνύνεται περιαιρεῖν.
Thus we must act throughout life, and where things appear too worthy of credit, we must lay them bare, behold their worthlessness, and strip away the legend on which they pride themselves.
δεινὸς γὰρ ὁ τῦφος παραλογιστὴς καὶ ὅτε δοκεῖς μάλιστα περὶ τὰ σπουδαῖα καταγίνεσθαι, τότε μάλιστα καταγοητεύῃ.
For vanity is a terrible deceiver, and when you think you are most occupied with serious things, then you are most completely deluded.
ὅρα γοῦν ὁ Κράτης τί περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ξενοκράτους λέγει.
See, at any rate, what Crates says even about Xenocrates himself.

Notes

  1. §6.13.1νεκρὸς ἰχθύος — The adjective νεκρός (dead) is used substantively to mean 'corpse' or 'dead body,' governing the genitive ἰχθύος (of a fish). It could also be translated as 'a dead thing of a fish,' but either way, it reflects the Stoic analytical method of reducing objects to their lifeless, material components.
  2. §6.13.1οἷαι δὴ αὗται εἰσιν αἱ φαντασίαι — A clause introduced by the exclamatory or relative adjective οἷαι, summarizing the preceding concrete examples (food, wine, clothing, sex) as 'such are these impressions.' The subsequent participles καθικνούμεναι (reaching) and διεξιοῦσαι (penetrating) describe how these impressions pierce to the core of things, with ὥστε introducing a clause of result ('so as to see...').
  3. §6.13.1ἐφ’ ᾗ σεμνύνεται — The antecedent of the relative pronoun ᾗ is the preceding noun ἱστορίαν (story, legend, reputation). The subject of the verb σεμνύνεται (prides itself, acts pompously) is contextually 'the things' (τὰ πράγματα) or 'the story' itself, referring to how objects make themselves appear grand through the false narratives surrounding them.

Cite this passage

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations §6.13.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0562.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.13.1

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