Humanitext Reader

Marcus Aurelius · Meditations §4.4.1

Common Reason and Law as Citizens of the Universe

Passage 54 of 486 · Greek

Summary

The author argues that since humans share a common intellect, reason, and law, they are all citizens of a single common city (the Cosmopolis), from which our intellectual faculty must ultimately derive.

§4.4.1Εἰ τὸ νοερὸν ἡμῖν κοινόν, καὶ ὁ λόγος, καθʼ ὃν λογικοί ἐσμεν, κοινός·
If the intellectual faculty is common to us, then the reason, by virtue of which we are rational beings, is also common.
εἰ τοῦτο, καὶ ὁ προστακτικὸς τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μὴ λόγος κοινός·
If this is so, then the reason which prescribes what is to be done or not done is also common.
εἰ τοῦτο, καὶ ὁ νόμος κοινός·
If this is so, then law is also common.
εἰ τοῦτο, πολῖταί ἐσμεν·
If this is so, we are citizens.
εἰ τοῦτο, πολιτεύματός τινος μετέχομεν·
If this is so, we are partakers of some constitution.
εἰ τοῦτο, ὁ κόσμος ὡσανεὶ πόλις ἐστί·
If this is so, the universe is as it were a city.
τίνος γὰρ ἄλλου φήσει τις τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πᾶν γένος κοινοῦ πολιτεύματος μετέχειν;
For of what other common constitution can anyone say that the whole human race partakes?
ἐκεῖθεν δέ, ἐκ τῆς κοινῆς ταύτης πόλεως, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ νοερὸν καὶ λογικὸν καὶ νομικὸν ἡμῖν ἢ πόθεν;
And from there, from this common city, do we derive our intellectual, rational, and legal faculty, or from where else?
ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ γεῶδές μοι ἀπό τινος γῆς ἀπομεμέρισται καὶ τὸ ὑγρὸν ἀφʼ ἑτέρου στοιχείου καὶ τὸ πνευματικὸν ἀπὸ πηγῆς τινος καὶ τὸ θερμὸν καὶ πυρῶδες ἔκ τινος ἰδίας πηγῆς (οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ μηδενὸς ἔρχεται, ὥσπερ μηδʼ εἰς τὸ οὐκ ὂν ἀπέρχεται), οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὸ νοερὸν ἥκει ποθέν.
For just as my earthy part has been allotted to me from some earth, and the liquid part from another element, and the pneumatic part from some source, and the hot and fiery part from some proper source of its own (for nothing comes from nothing, just as nothing returns to non-existence), so too the intellectual faculty must come from somewhere.

Notes

  1. §4.4.1Εἰ τὸ νοερὸν ἡμῖν κοινόν — This is a sorites (chain argument) where each conclusion becomes the premise for the next step. It starts from the shared intellectual faculty (νοερὸν) and moves logically through reason (λόγος), moral command, law (νόμος), citizenship (πολῖται), constitution (πολίτευμα), and finally to the Stoic concept of the Cosmopolis ("the universe is as it were a city").
  2. §4.4.1τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μή — The neuter plural genitive of the verbal adjective ποιητέος (to be done), governed by the preceding adjective προστακτικός (commanding or prescribing). The phrase ἢ μή is an elliptical expression for ἢ μὴ ποιητέων (or not to be done). Together, they mean "the reason that prescribes what is to be done or not to be done."
  3. §4.4.1ἐκεῖθεν δέ, ἐκ τῆς κοινῆς ταύτης πόλεως, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ νοερὸν καὶ λογικὸν καὶ νομικὸν ἡμῖν ἢ πόθεν; — This question lacks a main verb, which must be supplied from the context or the subsequent verb ἥκει (comes), implying "do we derive / does it come." The dative ἡμῖν functions either as a dative of possession ("our...") or advantage ("imparted to us").

Cite this passage

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations §4.4.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0562.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.4.1

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.