Humanitext Reader

Marcus Aurelius · Meditations §3.4.1-3.4.4

Guarding the Ruling Faculty from Idle Thoughts of Others

Passage 38 of 486 · Greek

Summary

The author warns against wasting life on idle thoughts about others, urging instead the cultivation of one's own ruling faculty. He describes the ideal of a wise man who lives conformably to nature as a priest of the gods.

§3.4.1Μὴ κατατρίψῃς τὸ ὑπολειπόμενον τοῦ βίου μέρος ἐν ταῖς περὶ ἑτέρων φαντασίαις, ὁπόταν μὴ τὴν ἀναφορὰν ἐπί τι κοινωφελὲς ποιῇ (ἤτοι γὰρ ἄλλου ἔργου στέρῃ).
Do not waste the remaining part of your life in thoughts about others, unless you refer them to some common utility; for you deprive yourself of another work.
τουτέστι φανταζόμενος τί ὁ δεῖνα πράσσει καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν καὶ τί λέγει καὶ τί ἐνθυμεῖται καὶ τί τεχνάζεται καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα ποιεῖ ἀπορρέμβεσθαι τῆς τοῦ ἰδίου ἡγεμονικοῦ παρατηρήσεως.
That is, by imagining what so-and-so is doing and for what reason, and what he is saying, and what he is thinking, and what he is scheming, and whatever else of this kind makes you wander away from the observation of your own ruling faculty.
§3.4.2χρὴ μὲν οὖν καὶ τὸ εἰκῇ καὶ μάτην ἐν τῷ εἱρμῷ τῶν φαντασιῶν περιίστασθαι, πολὺ δὲ μάλιστα τὸ περίεργον καὶ κακόηθες καὶ ἐθιστέον ἑαυτὸν μόνα φαντάζεσθαι, περὶ ὧν εἴ τις ἄφνω ἐπανέροιτο·
We must therefore avoid in the series of our thoughts all that is aimless and useless, but most of all what is over-curious and malicious.
τί νῦν διανοῇ; μετὰ παρρησίας παραχρῆμα ἂν ἀποκρίναιο ὅτι τὸ καὶ τό· ὡς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐθὺς δῆλα εἶναι, ὅτι πάντα ἁπλᾶ καὶ εὐμενῆ καὶ ζῴου κοινωνικοῦ καὶ ἀμελοῦντος ἡδονικῶν ἢ καθάπαξ ἀπολαυστικῶν φαντασμάτων ἢ φιλονεικίας τινὸς ἢ βασκανίας καὶ ὑποψίας ἢ ἄλλου τινός, ἐφ’ ᾧ ἂν ἐρυθριάσειας ἐξηγούμενος, ὅτι ἐν νῷ αὐτὸ εἶχες.
And you must accustom yourself to think only on those things about which, if someone should suddenly ask, "What are you thinking now?", you could immediately answer with all openness, "This and that"; so that from these things it would be immediately manifest that everything in you is simple and benevolent, and worthy of a social being who cares nothing for pleasures or enjoyments of any kind, or for any rivalry, envy, suspicion, or any other thing which you would blush to explain that you had in your mind.
§3.4.3ὁ γάρ τοι ἀνὴρ ὁ τοιοῦτος, οὐκέτι ὑπερτιθέμενος τὸ ὡς ἐν ἀρίστοις ἤδη εἶναι, ἱερεύς τίς ἐστι καὶ ὑπουργὸς θεῶν, χρώμενος καὶ τῷ ἔνδον ἱδρυμένῳ αὐτῷ, ὃ παρέχεται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἄχραντον ἡδονῶν, ἄτρωτον ὑπὸ παντὸς πόνου, πάσης ὕβρεως ἀνέπαφον, πάσης ἀναίσθητον πονηρίας, ἀθλητὴν ἄθλου τοῦ μεγίστου, τοῦ ὑπὸ μηδενὸς πάθους καταβληθῆναι, δικαιοσύνῃ βεβαμμένον εἰς βάθος, ἀσπαζόμενον μὲν ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς τὰ συμβαίνοντα καὶ ἀπονεμόμενα πάντα, μὴ πολλάκις δὲ μηδὲ χωρὶς μεγάλης καὶ κοινωφελοῦς ἀνάγκης φανταζόμενον τί ποτε ἄλλος λέγει ἢ πράσσει ἢ διανοεῖται.
For such a man, who no longer postpones being already among the best, is a priest and minister of the gods, using also that which is seated within him, which keeps the man uncontaminated by pleasures, invulnerable to any pain, untouched by any insult, feeling no evil, a combatant in the greatest combat, which is not to be overthrown by any passion, deeply dyed with justice, welcoming with his whole soul all things that happen and are allotted to him, and not often nor without a great and common necessity imagining what another says or does or thinks.
μόνα γὰρ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ πρὸς ἐνέργειαν † ἔχει καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῷ ἐκ τῶν ὅλων συγκλωθόμενα διηνεκῶς ἐννοεῖ κἀκεῖνα μὲν καλὰ παρέχεται, ταῦτα δὲ ἀγαθὰ εἶναι πέπεισται·
For he has only his own things as the object of his activity, and constantly considers what is spun for him from the whole universe; and he makes the former beautiful, and is convinced that the latter are good.
ἡ γὰρ ἑκάστῳ νεμομένη μοῖρα συνεμφέρεταί τε καὶ συνεμφέρει.
For the lot allotted to each both is carried along with him and carries him along.
§3.4.4μέμνηται δὲ καὶ ὅτι συγγενὲς πᾶν τὸ λογικόν, καὶ ὅτι κήδεσθαι μὲν πάντων ἀνθρώπων κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου φύσιν ἐστί, δόξης δὲ οὐχὶ τῆς παρὰ πάντων ἀνθεκτέον, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὁμολογουμένως τῇ φύσει βιούντων μόνων.
He remembers also that all rational beings are akin, and that to care for all men is according to human nature, but that we must not hold fast to the opinion of all, but only of those who live conformably to nature.
οἱ δὲ μὴ οὕτως βιοῦντες ὁποῖοί τινες οἴκοι τε καὶ ἔξω τῆς οἰκίας καὶ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν, οἷοι μεθʼ οἵων φύρονται, μεμνημένος διατελεῖ.
But as for those who do not live so, he constantly remembers what kind of men they are both at home and out of doors, both by night and by day, and what companions they defile themselves with.
οὐ τοίνυν οὐδὲ τὸν παρὰ τῶν τοιούτων ἔπαινον ἐν λόγῳ τίθεται, οἵγε οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ ἑαυτοῖς ἀρέσκονται.
Therefore, he does not even value the praise which comes from such men, who are not even pleased with themselves.

Notes

  1. 3.4.1ὁπόταν μὴ τὴν ἀναφορὰν ἐπί τι κοινωφελὲς ποιῇ — The subject of the subjunctive `ποιῇ` is the second-person singular ("you"), meaning "unless you make the reference to some common utility." `τὴν ἀναφορὰν` functions as the noun meaning "reference" or "direction."
  2. 3.4.1ἀπορρέμβεσθαι — The infinitive `ἀπορρέμβεσθαι` ("to wander away") is introduced by `τουτέστι` ("that is") and functions appositively to explain the concrete reality of "wasting the rest of life in thoughts about others."
  3. 3.4.2ὡς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐθὺς δῆλα εἶναι — A consecutive clause formed by `ὡς` and the infinitive `εἶναι`, expressing the result or consequence: "so that from these things it would be immediately manifest that..."
  4. 3.4.3τοῦ ὑπὸ μηδενὸς πάθους καταβληθῆναι — An articular infinitive in the genitive case, functioning as an explanatory or appositive genitive to the preceding noun `ἄθλου` ("combat"), meaning "the combat of not being overthrown by any passion."
  5. 3.4.4οἱ δὲ μὴ οὕτως βιοῦντες — A nominative absolute (anakolouthon). Standing outside the regular grammatical case agreement, it is placed at the beginning in the nominative to strongly emphasize the object of the participle `μεμνημένος` ("remembering").

Cite this passage

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations §3.4.1-3.4.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0562.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.4.1-3.4.4

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