Humanitext Reader

Marcus Aurelius · Meditations §10.8.1-10.8.4

Preserving the Titles of Virtue and One's True Calling

Passage 382 of 486 · Greek

Summary

The author defines the virtues he should practice, urging himself to maintain these names or withdraw from life with dignity, and emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one's natural role by remembering the gods.

§10.8.1Ὀνόματα θέμενος σαυτῷ ταῦτα· ἀγαθός, αἰδήμων, ἀληθής, ἔμφρων, σύμφρων, ὑπέρφρων, πρόσεχε μήποτε μετονομάζῃ, κἂν ἀπολλύῃς ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα, ταχέως ἐπάνιθι ἐπ’ αὐτά.
Having assigned these names to yourself: good, modest, truthful, rational, cooperative, magnanimous, take care that you never change your names, and if you should lose these names, quickly return to them.
μέμνησο δὲ ὅτι τὸ μὲν ἔμφρων ἐβούλετό σοι σημαίνειν τὴν ἐφ’ ἕκαστα διαληπτικὴν ἐπίστασιν καὶ τὸ ἀπαρενθύμητον· τὸ δὲ σύμφρων τὴν ἑκούσιον ἀπόδεξιν τῶν ὑπὸ τῆς κοινῆς φύσεως ἀπονεμομένων· τὸ δὲ ὑπέρφρων τὴν ὑπέρτασιν τοῦ φρονοῦντος μορίου ὑπὲρ λείαν ἣ τραχεῖαν κίνησιν τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τὸ δοξάριον καὶ τὸν θάνατον καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα.
And remember that 'rational' was intended to signify to you a discriminating attention to each thing and freedom from negligence; and 'cooperative', a voluntary acceptance of the things allotted by common nature; and 'magnanimous', the elevation of the thinking part above the smooth or rough motion of the flesh, and above paltry fame, and death, and all such things.
§10.8.2ἐὰν οὖν διατηρῇς σεαυτὸν ὲν τούτοις τοῖς ὀνόμασι μὴ γλιχόμενος τοῦ ὑπ’ ἄλλων κατὰ ταῦτα ὀνομάζεσθαι, ἔσῃ ἕτερος καὶ εἰς βίον εἰσελεύσῃ ἕτερον.
If, then, you maintain yourself in these names, without desiring to be called by these names by others, you will be another person and will enter into another life.
τὸ γὰρ ἔτι τοιοῦτον εἶναι οἷος μέχρι νῦν γέγονας, καὶ ἐν βίῳ τοιούτῳ σπαράσσεσθαι καὶ μολύνεσθαι, λίαν ἐστὶν ἀναισθήτου καὶ φιλοψύχου καὶ ὁμοίου τοῖς ἡμιβρώτοις θηριομάχοις, οἵτινες μεστοὶ τραυμάτων καὶ λύθρου παρακαλοῦσιν ὅμως εἰς τὴν αὔριον φυλαχθῆναι, παραβληθησόμενοι τοιοῦτοι τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὄνυξι καὶ δήγμασιν.
For to continue to be such as you have been until now, and to be torn and defiled in such a life, is the mark of an utterly senseless and life-clinging man, and one like those half-devoured beast-fighters, who, covered with wounds and gore, nevertheless entreat to be kept until the morrow, only to be exposed in such a state to the same claws and bites.
§10.8.3ἐμβίβασον οὖν σαυτὸν εἰς τὰ ὀλίγα ταῦτα ὀνόματα, κἂν μὲν ἐπ’ αὐτῶν μένειν δύνῃ, μένε ὥσπερ εἰς μακάρων τινὰς νήσους μετῳκισμένος·
Embark, then, upon these few names; and if you are able to abide by them, abide as if you had migrated to some islands of the blessed.
ἐὰν δὲ αἴσθῃ ὅτι ἐκπίπτεις καὶ οὐ περικρατεῖς, ἄπιθι θαρρῶν εἰς γωνίαν τινά, ὅπου κρατήσεις, ἢ καὶ παντάπασιν ἔξιθι τοῦ βίου, μὴ ὀργιζόμενος, ἀλλὰ ἁπλῶς καὶ ἐλευθέρως καὶ αἰδημόνως, ἕν γε τοῦτο μόνον πράξας ἐν τῷ βίῳ τὸ οὕτως ἐξελθεῖν.
But if you perceive that you are falling away and do not maintain mastery, go away courageously to some corner where you will maintain mastery, or even depart from life altogether, not in anger, but simply and freely and modestly, having performed at least this one thing in life, to have departed in this manner.
§10.8.4πρὸς μέντοι τὸ μεμνῆσθαι τῶν ὀνομάτων μεγάλως συλλήψεταί σοι τὸ μεμνῆσθαι θεῶν καὶ ὅτιπερ οὐ κολακεύεσθαι οὗτοι θέλουσιν, ἀλλὰ ἐξομοιοῦσθαι ἑαυτοῖς τὰ λογικὰ πάντα καὶ εἶναι τὴν μὲν συκῆν τὰ συκῆς ποιοῦσαν, τὸν δὲ κύνα τὰ κυνός, τὴν δὲ μέλισσαν τὰ μελίσσης, τὸν δὲ ἄνθρωπον τὰ ἀνθρώπου.
However, to remember these names, it will greatly assist you to remember the gods, and that they do not wish to be flattered, but rather that all rational beings should be made like unto themselves, and that the fig tree should do the work of a fig tree, the dog the work of a dog, the bee the work of a bee, and man the work of a man.

Notes

  1. 10.8.1aὈνόματα θέμενος σαυτῷ ταῦτα — The participle θέμενος (aorist middle, masculine nominative singular) functions as a conditional clause ('if you have assigned to yourself...') subordinate to the main imperative verb πρόσεχε. The middle voice denotes acting for one's own interest ('for yourself').
  2. 10.8.1aἐβούλετό σοι σημαίνειν — The imperfect ἐβούλετο does not merely indicate a past desire, but is used to state the ongoing 'intent' or permanent definition of a philosophical term. Semantically, it functions as 'is intended to signify'.
  3. 10.8.2aλίαν ἐστὶν ἀναισθήτου — The genitive ἀναισθήτου (along with the parallel φιλοψύχου and ὁμοίου) is a possessive/characteristic genitive, describing the nature or characteristic of the subject infinitive phrase τὸ ... εἶναι ('to be... is the mark of a senseless man').
  4. 10.8.4aσυλλήψεταί σοι τὸ μεμνῆσθαι θεῶν — The verb συλλήψεται (future middle 3rd singular of συλλαμβάνω) takes a dative (σοι) and means 'will assist/help'. The subject is the articular infinitive τὸ μεμνῆσθαι θεῶν ('remembering the gods'), while the prepositional phrase πρὸς ... τὸ μεμνῆσθαι τῶν ὀνομάτων ('with respect to remembering the names') expresses the purpose or relation.

Cite this passage

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations §10.8.1-10.8.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0562.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.8.1-10.8.4

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