§312Ἀννίβας δέ, θεοῦ παράγοντος αὐτόν, ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰόνιον αὖθις ἐτράπη, καὶ τὴν παράλιον ὁδεύων ἐπόρθει, λείαν τε περιήλαυνε πολλήν.
Hannibal, led by a god, turned again toward the Ionian Sea, and marching along the coast, he ravaged the land and drove off a great amount of booty.
Σερουίλιος δʼ ὕπατος ἀντιπαριὼν αὐτῷ κατῇρεν ἐς Ἀρίμινον, ἀπέχων Ἀννίβου μίαν ἡμέραν· ἔνθα τὴν στρατιὰν συνεῖχε καὶ τοὺς ἔτι φίλους Κελτῶν ἀπεθάρρυνεν, ἕως ἀφικόμενος Φάβιος Μάξιμος ὁ δικτάτωρ Σερουίλιον μὲν ἐς Ῥώμην ἔπεμπεν ὡς οὔτε ὕπατον οὔτε στρατηγὸν ἔτι ὄντα δικτάτορος ᾑρημένου, αὐτὸς δὲ τῷ Ἀννίβᾳ παρακολουθῶν ἐς μὲν χεῖρας οὐκ ᾔει, πολλάκις ἐκείνου προκαλουμένου, πολιορκεῖν δʼ οὐδένα εἴα, παραφυλάσσων καὶ ἐπικείμενος.
The consul Servilius, marching parallel to him, arrived at Ariminum, one day's journey from Hannibal; there he kept his army together and encouraged those of the Celts who were still friendly, until the dictator Fabius Maximus arrived and sent Servilius to Rome, on the grounds that he was no longer consul or general since a dictator had been chosen. Fabius himself followed Hannibal but did not come to blows, though the enemy often challenged him, and he did not allow him to besiege anyone, watching him closely and pressing upon him.
ὁ δέ, τῆς χώρας ἐξαναλωμένης, τροφῶν ἠπόρει, καὶ αὐτὴν αὖθις περιιὼν ἑκάστης ἡμέρας ἐξέτασσε, προκαλούμενος ἐς μάχην.
But Hannibal, since the country was exhausted, was in want of provisions, and going around the same region again, he drew up his army for battle every day, challenging him to fight.
Φάβιος δʼ οὐ συνεπλέκετο, καταγιγνώσκοντος αὐτοῦ Μινουκίου Ῥούφου, ὃς ἵππαρχος μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ, ἔγραφε δʼ ἐς Ῥώμην τοῖς φίλοις ὡς ὀκνοίη Φάβιος ὑπὸ δειλίας.
Yet Fabius did not engage, which was condemned by Minucius Rufus, who was his master of horse and wrote to his friends in Rome that Fabius hesitated out of cowardice.
διαδραμόντος δʼ ἐς Ῥώμην ἐπὶ θυσίας τινὰς τοῦ Φαβίου, ὁ Μινούκιος ἡγούμενος τοῦ στρατοῦ συνεπλέκη τινὰ μάχην τῷ Ἀννίβᾳ, καὶ δόξας πλέον ἔχειν θρασύτερον ἐς Ῥώμην ἐπέστελλε τῇ βουλῇ, τὸν Φάβιον αἰτιώμενος οὐκ ἐθέλοντα νικῆσαι.
When Fabius went to Rome for certain sacrifices, Minucius, taking command of the army, engaged in some fighting with Hannibal, and thinking he had the upper hand, he wrote more boldly to the senate in Rome, accusing Fabius of not wishing to conquer.
καὶ ἡ βουλή, ἐπανεληλυθότος ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον ἤδη τοῦ Φαβίου, ἴσον ἰσχύειν αὐτῷ τὸν ἵππαρχον ἀπέφηνεν.
The senate, although Fabius had already returned to the camp, declared that the master of horse should have equal power with him.
§313οἱ μὲν δὴ μερισάμενοι τὴν στρατιὰν πλησίον ἀλλήλων ἐστρατοπέδευον, καὶ τῆς γνώμης ἑκάτερος εἴχοντο τῆς ἑαυτοῦ, Φάβιος μὲν ἐκτρύχειν Ἀννίβαν τῷ χρόνῳ καὶ πειρᾶσθαι μηδὲν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ παθεῖν, ὁ δὲ Μινούκιος μάχῃ διακριθῆναι.
They divided the army and encamped near each other, each holding to his own opinion: Fabius believing that they should wear Hannibal out with time and try to suffer nothing at his hands, while Minucius wished to decide the issue by battle.
συνιόντος δὲ ἐς μάχην τοῦ Μινουκίου, Φάβιος τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι προορῶν ἐν μέσῳ τὴν στρατιὰν ἀτρεμοῦσαν ἔστησε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς τοῦ Μινουκίου τραπέντας ἀνελάμβανε, τοὺς δʼ Ἀννίβου διώκοντας ἀπεκρούετο.
When Minucius went into battle, Fabius, possessing foresight of what would happen, kept his own army stationed quietly in the middle, and received Minucius's men who had been routed, while repelling Hannibal's pursuers.
καὶ Φάβιος μὲν ὧδε τὴν συμφορὰν ἐπεκούφισε τῷ Μινουκίῳ, οὐδὲν ἐπιμηνίσας τῆς διαβολῆς· ὁ δὲ Μινούκιος αὑτοῦ καταγνους ἀπειρίαν ἀπέθετο τὴν ἀρχήν, καὶ τὸ μέρος τοῦ στρατοῦ παρέδωκε τῷ Φαβίῳ, ἡγουμένῳ πρὸς ἄνδρα τεχνίτην μάχης ἕνα καιρὸν εἶναι τὴν ἀνάγκην.
Thus Fabius lightened the disaster for Minucius, without showing any anger for the slander; and Minucius, recognizing his own inexperience, laid down his command and surrendered his part of the army to Fabius, believing that against a master of battle, necessity is the only favorable opportunity.
οὗ δὴ καὶ ὁ Σεβαστὸς ὕστερον πολλάκις ἐμέμνητο, οὐκ ὢν εὐχερὴς οὐδʼ οὗτος ἐς μάχας μᾶλλον τόλμῃ ἢ τέχνῃ χρῆσθαι.
Even Augustus later often recalled this, since he too was not one to rashly use daring rather than skill in battle.
Φάβιος μὲν οὖν αὖθις ὁμοίως ἐφύλασσε τὸν Ἀννίβαν, καὶ τὴν χώραν πορθεῖν ἐκώλυεν, οὐ συμπλεκόμενος αὐτοῦ τῷ στρατῷ παντί, τοῖς δʼ ἀποσκιδναμένοις μόνοις ἐπιτιθέμενος, καὶ σαφῶς εἰδὼς ἀπορήσοντα τροφῶν αὐτίκα τὸν Ἀννίβαν.
Fabius, therefore, watched Hannibal in the same manner as before, preventing him from plundering the country, not engaging with his entire army, but attacking only those who straggled, knowing clearly that Hannibal would soon run out of provisions.
§314στενῆς δὲ διόδου πλησιαζούσης, ὁ μὲν Ἀννίβας αὐτὴν οὐ προείδετο, Φάβιος δὲ προπέμψας τετρακισχιλίους κατέλαβε, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς αὐτὸς ἐπὶ θάτερα ἐστρατοπέδευεν ἐπὶ λόφου καρτεροῦ.
When a narrow pass was near, Hannibal did not foresee it, but Fabius, sending ahead four thousand men, occupied it, while he himself encamped with the rest of the forces on the other side on a strong hill.
ὁ δὲ Ἀννίβας ὡς ᾔσθετο ληφθεὶς ἐν μέσῳ Φαβίου τε καὶ τῶν στενῶν φυλασσομένων, ἔδεισε μὲν ὡς οὔ ποτε πρότερον· οὐ γὰρ εἶχε διέξοδον, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἦν ἀπόκρημνα καὶ δύσβατα, οὐδʼ ἤλπιζε Φάβιον ἢ τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν στενῶν βιάσεσθαι διὰ τὴν τῶν χωρίων ὀχυρότητα.
When Hannibal perceived that he was caught in the middle between Fabius and the guarded pass, he feared as never before; for he had no way out, but everything was precipitous and difficult to traverse, nor did he hope to force his way past Fabius or those at the pass due to the strength of the positions.
ὧδε δʼ ἔχων ἀπορίας τοὺς μὲν αἰχμαλώτους ἐς πεντακισχιλίους ὄντας κατέσφαξεν, ἵνα μὴ ἐν τῷ κινδύνῳ νεωτερίσειαν, βοῦς δὲ ὅσας εἶχεν ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ (πολὺ δὲ πλῆθος ἦν), τοῖς κέρασιν αὐτῶν δᾷδας περιέθηκε, καὶ νυκτὸς ἐπιγενομένης τὰς δᾷδας ἐξάψας τὸ λοιπὸν ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ πῦρ ἔσβεσε, καὶ σιγὴν βαθεῖαν ἔχειν παρήγγειλε, τοῖς δʼ εὐτολμοτάτοις τῶν νέων ἐκέλευσε τὰς βοῦς ἐλαύνειν μετὰ σπουδῆς ἄνω πρὸς τὰ ἀπόκρημνα, ἃ ἦν ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ τε Φαβίου καὶ τῶν στενῶν.
Being in such difficulties, he slaughtered his prisoners, who were about five thousand, lest they should revolt in the danger, and having bound torches to the horns of all the oxen he had in the camp (and there was a very great number), when night came on, he lit the torches, extinguished the remaining fire in the camp, and ordered deep silence to be kept. Then he commanded the most daring of the young men to drive the oxen with haste upward toward the precipices that lay between Fabius and the pass.
αἱ δʼ ὑπό τε τῶν ἐλαυνόντων ἐπειγόμεναι, καὶ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐκκαίοντος αὐτάς, ἀνεπήδων ἐπὶ τοὺς κρημνοὺς ἀφειδῶς καὶ βιαίως, εἶτα κατέπιπτον καὶ αὖθις ἀνεπήδων.
Driven by those who chased them, and with the fire burning them, the oxen leaped up the cliffs recklessly and violently, and then fell and leaped up again.
§315Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ οἱ ἑκατέρωθεν, ὁρῶντες ἐν μὲν τῷ Ἀννίβου στρατοπέδῳ σιγὴν καὶ σκότον, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὄρεσι πῦρ πολὺ καὶ ποικίλον, οὐκ ἔχοντες ὡς ἐν νυκτὶ τὸ γιγνόμενον ἀκριβῶς ἐπινοῆσαι, ὁ μὲν Φάβιος εἴκαζεν εἶναί τι στρατήγημα τοῦτο Ἀννίβου, καὶ συνεῖναι μὴ δυνάμενος ἀτρέμα συνεῖχε τὴν στρατιάν, τὴν νύκτα ὑφορώμενος·
The Romans on both sides, seeing silence and darkness in Hannibal's camp, but a great and flickering fire in the mountains, were unable to understand clearly what was happening as it was night. Fabius guessed that this was some stratagem of Hannibal's, and being unable to comprehend it, he kept his army quiet, suspecting the night.
οἱ δʼ ἐν τοῖς στενοῖς ὑπέλαβον, ἅπερ ἤθελεν ὁ Ἀννίβας, φεύγειν αὐτὸν ὡς ἐν ἀπόροις, ἄνω διὰ τῶν κρημνῶν βιαζόμενον, καὶ μετεπήδων ἐπὶ τὴν φαντασίαν τοῦ πυρὸς καταθέοντες ὡς ἐκεῖ ληψόμενοι τὸν Ἀννίβαν κακοπαθοῦντα.
But those in the narrow pass supposed, just as Hannibal wished, that he was fleeing in desperation, forcing his way upward through the cliffs, and they rushed toward the appearance of the fire, running down to capture Hannibal there in his distress.
ὁ δὲ ὡς εἶδε καταβάντας αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῶν στενῶν, διέδραμεν ἐς αὐτὰ τοῖς ταχυτάτοις ἄνευ φωτὸς μετὰ σιωπῆς, ἵνα διαλάθοι, καταλαβὼν δὲ αὐτὰ καὶ κρατυνάμενος ἐσήμηνε τῇ σάλπιγγι·
When he saw that they had come down from the pass, he rushed into it with his fastest men without light and in silence, so that he might escape notice; and having occupied it and secured it, he signaled with the trumpet.
καὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἀντεβόησεν αὐτῷ, καὶ πῦρ αἰφνίδιον ἐξέφηναν.
His camp answered him, and they suddenly showed fire.
Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν δὴ τότε ᾔσθοντο τῆς ἀπάτης, ὁ δὲ στρατὸς ὁ ἄλλος Ἀννίβου καὶ οἱ τὰς βοῦς ἐλαύνοντες ἐπὶ τὰ στενὰ ἀδεῶς διέδραμον.
The Romans then realized the deception, and the rest of Hannibal's army and those driving the oxen ran through the pass without fear.
καὶ αὐτοὺς συναγαγὼν ἀπῇρεν ἐς τὸ πρόσω.
Having gathered them, he departed forward.
οὕτω μὲν ἐξ ἀέλπτου τότε ὁ Ἀννίβας αὐτός τε περιῆν καὶ τὸν στρατὸν περιέσωζε, καὶ ἐς Γερωνίαν τῆς Ἰαπυγίας ἐπειχθείς, ἣ σίτου πλήρης ἦν, ἐξεῖλεν αὐτήν, καὶ ἐν ἀφθόνοις ἀδεῶς ἐχείμαζεν.
Thus unexpectedly Hannibal survived at that time and saved his army, and hastening to Gerunia in Iapygia, which was full of grain, he captured it and wintered there without fear in abundance.