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Polybius · The Histories §9.25.1-9.25.6

The Avarice of Hannibal and Mago and Avoidance of Joint Actions

Passage 625 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The author details Hannibal's extreme greed and his strategic rivalry with the equally greedy Mago, drawing on accounts from the Carthaginians and King Masanissa. Due to their equal avarice, they carefully avoided joint military operations to prevent sharing spoils or clashing.

§9.25.1φιλάργυρός γε μὴν δοκεῖ γεγονέναι διαφερόντως καὶ φίλῳ κεχρῆσθαι φιλαργύρῳ Μάγωνι τῷ τὰ κατὰ τὴν Βρεττίαν χειρίζοντι. §9.25.2ταύτην δὲ τὴν ἱστορίαν ἐγὼ παρέλαβον μὲν καὶ παρʼ αὐτῶν Καρχηδονίων· §9.25.3ἐγχώριοι γὰρ οὐ μόνον τὰς τῶν ἀνέμων στάσεις κατὰ τὴν παροιμίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν ἐγχωρίων ἀνθρώπων ἤθη κάλλιστα γινώσκουσιν· §9.25.4ἔτι δὲ Μασαννάσου ἀκριβέστερον διήκουσα, φέροντος ἀπολογισμοὺς καθόλου μὲν περὶ πάντων Καρχηδονίων, μάλιστα δὲ περὶ τῆς Ἀννίβου καὶ Μάγωνος τοῦ Σαυνίτου προσαγορευομένου φιλαργυρίας. §9.25.5πρὸς γὰρ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἔφη γενναιότατα κεκοινωνηκότας ἑαυτοῖς πραγμάτων τοὺς προειρημένους ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡλικίας καὶ πολλὰς μὲν πόλεις κατʼ Ἰβηρίαν, πολλὰς δὲ κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν εἰληφότας ἑκατέρους, τὰς μὲν κατὰ κράτος, τὰς δʼ ἐκ παραδόσεως, οὐδέποτε μετεσχηκέναι τῆς αὐτῆς πράξεως ἀλλήλοις, §9.25.6ἀλλʼ ἀεὶ μᾶλλον ἑαυτοὺς ἢ τοὺς πολεμίους στρατηγεῖν χάριν τοῦ μὴ συμπαρεῖναι θάτερον θατέρῳ πόλεως καταλαμβανομένης, ἵνα μήτε διαφέρωνται πρὸς σφᾶς ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων μήτε μερίζωνται τὸ λυσιτελές, ἐφαμίλλου τῆς ὑπεροχῆς αὐτῶν ὑπαρχούσης.
Indeed, he seems to have been exceptionally fond of money, and to have had as a friend Mago, who was also fond of money and managed affairs in Bruttium. I received this account also from the Carthaginians themselves; for the natives, according to the proverb, know best not only the quarters of the winds, but also the characters of their own countrymen. Moreover, I heard it more accurately from Masanissa, who gave explanations generally about all Carthaginians, but especially about the money-loving nature of Hannibal and of Mago who was called the Samnite. For he said that, in addition to other things, although the aforementioned had associated with each other in affairs most closely from their earliest youth, and each of them had taken many cities in Iberia and many in Italy, some by force and others by capitulation, they had never shared in the same operation with each other, but always directed their operations against each other rather than against the enemy, for the sake of one not being present with the other when a city was being taken, so that they might neither quarrel with one another from such occasions nor divide the profit, since their superiority was equal.

Notes

  1. 9.25.4Μασαννάσου — Genitive governed by the verb of hearing, διήκουσα (διακούω). It designates the person who is the source of the information.
  2. 9.25.5τοὺς προειρημένους — The accusative subject in indirect discourse under the verb ἔφη. The main structure of the clause is τοὺς προειρημένους ... οὐδέποτε μετεσχηκέναι (that the aforementioned never shared), while the perfect participles κεκοινωνηκότας and εἰληφότας function as circumstantial participles with a concessive force ('although they had associated/taken').
  3. 9.25.6ἑαυτοὺς ἢ τοὺς πολεμίους στρατηγεῖν — The intransitive verb στρατηγέω (to be a general, command), which normally takes a dative, is here used with accusatives (ἑαυτούς, τοὺς πολεμίους). This represents a highly unusual transitive usage or an accusative of direction/object of rivalry, emphasizing that they directed their military maneuvers against each other rather than the enemy.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §9.25.1-9.25.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.25.1-9.25.6

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