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Polybius · The Histories §8.27.1-8.27.9

Livius's Intoxication and the Conspirators' Preparations

Passage 587 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The Roman commander Livius in Tarentum, exactly as the young conspirators had anticipated, became heavily drunk at a daytime banquet and felt no suspicion even when informed of the Numidian raids. After escorting the drunken commander back to his house, Nicon, Tragiscus, and the other conspirators secured the key positions in the city and prepared to execute their plan under the cover of night.

§8.27.1τῷ δὲ Γαΐῳ τῷ Λιβίῳ, γενομένῳ μετὰ τῶν συνήθων ἀφʼ ἡμέρας ἐν τῷ Μουσείῳ κατὰ τὴν τῶν νεανίσκων πρόληψιν, καὶ σχεδὸν ἤδη τοῦ πότου τὴν ἀκμαιοτάτην ἔχοντος διάθεσιν, προσαγγέλλεται περὶ δυσμὰς ἡλίου τοὺς Νομάδας ἐπιτρέχειν τὴν χώραν.
To Gaius Livius, who had been in the Museum with his companions since in the daytime, according to the anticipation of the young men, and when the drinking bout already had almost reached its highest pitch, it was reported about sunset that the Numidians were overrunning the country.
ὁ δὲ πρὸς μὲν αὐτὸ τοῦτο διενοήθη, §8.27.2καὶ καλέσας τινὰς τῶν ἡγεμόνων συνέταξε τοὺς μὲν ἡμίσεις τῶν ἱππέων ἐξελθόντας ὑπὸ τὴν ἑωθινὴν κωλῦσαι τοὺς κακοποιοῦντας τὴν χώραν τῶν πολεμίων, τῆς γε μὴν ὅλης πράξεως διὰ ταῦτα καὶ μᾶλλον ἀνύποπτος ἦν.
He indeed turned his mind to this very matter, and calling some of the officers, ordered half of the cavalry to go out at daybreak and prevent the enemy from damaging the country; yet because of this very report, he was even more unsuspicious of the whole plot.
οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Νίκωνα καὶ Τραγίσκον, §8.27.3ἅμα τῷ σκότος γενέσθαι συναθροισθέντες ἐν τῇ πόλει πάντες, ἐτήρουν τὴν ἐπάνοδον τῶν περὶ τὸν Λίβιον.
Meanwhile, those around Nicon and Tragiscus, as soon as it became dark, having all assembled in the city, kept watch for the return of Livius and his party.
§8.27.4τῶν δὲ ταχέως ἐξαναστάντων διὰ τὸ γεγονέναι τὸν πότον ἀφʼ ἡμέρας, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι πρός τινα τόπον ἀποστάντες ἔμενον, τινὲς δὲ τῶν νεανίσκων ἀπήντων τοῖς περὶ τὸν Γάιον, διακεχυμένοι καί τι καὶ προσπαίζοντες ἀλλήλοις, ὡς ἂν ὑποκρινόμενοι τοὺς ἐκ συνουσίας ἐπανάγοντας.
When they rose early from the table because the drinking had begun in the daytime, the other young men withdrew to a certain spot and remained there, but some of them went to meet Gaius's party, behaving merrily and jesting with one another, as if playing the part of those returning from a social gathering.
§8.27.5ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον ἠλλοιωμένων ὑπὸ τῆς μέθης τῶν περὶ τὸν Λίβιον, ἅμα τῷ συμμῖξαι γέλως ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἦν καὶ παιδιὰ πρόχειρος.
Since Livius's party was even more altered by wine, as soon as they met, there was laughter from both sides and ready jesting.
§8.27.6ἐπεὶ δὲ συνανακάμψαντες ἀποκατέστησαν αὐτὸν εἰς οἶκον, ὁ μὲν Γάιος ἀνεπαύετο μεθύων, ὡς εἰκός ἐστι τοὺς ἀφʼ ἡμέρας πίνοντας, οὐδὲν ἄτοπον οὐδὲ δυσχερὲς ἔχων ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ, χαρᾶς δὲ πλήρης καὶ ῥᾳθυμίας.
And when, accompanying him on his return, they saw him safe to his house, Gaius went to rest, drunk, as was natural for those who had been drinking since daytime, having nothing strange or troublesome in his mind, but being full of joy and light-heartedness.
§8.27.7οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Νίκωνα καὶ Τραγίσκον ἐπεὶ συνέμιξαν τοῖς ἀπολελειμμένοις νεανίσκοις, διελόντες σφᾶς εἰς τρία μέρη παρεφύλαττον, διαλαβόντες τῆς ἀγορᾶς τὰς εὐκαιροτάτας εἰσβολάς, ἵνα μήτε τῶν ἔξωθεν προσπιπτόντων μηδὲν αὐτοὺς λανθάνῃ μήτε τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει γινομένων.
Meanwhile Nicon and Tragiscus and their companions, when they joined the other young men who had been left behind, divided themselves into three parties and kept watch, having occupied the most convenient approaches to the agora, so that nothing of those falling upon them from outside should escape them, nor any of the occurrences in the city itself.
§8.27.8ἐπέστησαν δὲ καὶ παρὰ τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ Γαΐου, σαφῶς εἰδότες ὡς ἐὰν γίνηταί τις ὑπόνοια τοῦ μέλλοντος, ἐπὶ τὸν Λίβιον ἀνοισθήσεται πρῶτον, καὶ πᾶν τὸ πραττόμενον ἀπʼ ἐκείνου λήψεται τὴν ἀρχήν.
They also stationed themselves near Gaius's house, knowing full well that if any suspicion of what was to happen should arise, it would be referred to Livius first, and every measure taken would have its beginning from him.
§8.27.9ὡς δʼ αἱ μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν δείπνων ἐπάνοδοι καὶ συλλήβδην ὁ τοιοῦτος θόρυβος ἤδη παρῳχήκει, τῶν δὲ δημοτῶν ἡ πληθὺς κατακεκοίμητο, προύβαινε δὲ τὰ τῆς νυκτὸς καὶ τὰ τῆς ἐλπίδος ἀκέραια διέμενε, τότε συναθροισθέντες προῆγον ἐπὶ τὴν προκειμένην χρείαν.
When the return from the dinners and in general such bustle had already passed, and the mass of the citizens had fallen asleep, and as the night advanced their hopes remained unimpaired, then having assembled, they proceeded to the service proposed before them.

Notes

  1. 8.27.1ἀφʼ ἡμέρας — Meaning "from daytime" or "since the day was young," indicating that the drinking bout, which would normally take place in the evening, started exceptionally early. This explains both their early departure from the feast and their deep intoxication.
  2. 8.27.1κατὰ τὴν τῶν νεανίσκων πρόληψιν — "According to the anticipation of the young men." It highlights that the conspirators had pre-emptively calculated Livius's habits and planned their moves around his inevitable daytime drinking and subsequent intoxication.
  3. 8.27.4ὡς ἂν ὑποκρινόμενοι — The particle ἄν with the participle preceded by ὡς expresses a hypothetical or feigned state ("as if they were acting the part of..."). It denotes that the young men, despite being on a strategic mission, successfully counterfeited the demeanor of merrymakers returning from their own party.
  4. 8.27.8ἀνοισθήσεται — Third-person singular future passive of ἀναφέρω ("to be referred" or "carried up"). It indicates the conspirators' clear calculation that any suspicion or alarm raised in the city would immediately be brought up to the commander Livius, and that any official response would have to originate from him.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §8.27.1-8.27.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.27.1-8.27.9

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