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Polybius · The Histories §8.24.1-8.24.13

Plot of the Tarentine Youths with Hannibal

Passage 584 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The passage describes the volatile nature of the Tarentines who seek and then reject rulers due to their prosperity, and details how the anti-Roman youths Philemenus and Nicon contact the Carthaginian general Hannibal to plot the city's betrayal while staging raids to win over their citizens.

§8.24.1ὅτι οἱ Ταραντῖνοι διὰ τὸ τῆς εὐδαιμονίας ὑπερήφανον ἐπεκαλέσαντο Πύρρον τὸν Ἠπειρώτην· πᾶσα γὰρ ἐλευθερία μετʼ ἐξουσίας πολυχρονίου φύσιν ἔχει κόρον λαμβάνειν τῶν ὑποκειμένων, κἄπειτα ζητεῖ δεσπότην· τυχοῦσά γε μὴν τούτου ταχὺ πάλιν μισεῖ διὰ τὸ μεγάλην φαίνεσθαι τὴν πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον μεταβολήν· ὃ καὶ τότε συνέβαινε τοῖς Ταραντίνοις. [εχξ. ϝατ. π. 374 μ. 27, 2 η. 23. πᾶσα — 26. μισεῖ ετιαμ ξοδ. υρβ. φολ. 114 εχτρ. μαργο. ]
That the Tarentines, through the pride of their prosperity, called in Pyrrhus of Epirus; for every kind of liberty, when accompanied by long-standing power, has a natural tendency to become sated with the present state of things, and then seeks a master; but when it has found one, it soon hates him again, because the change for the worse appears so great; which was what then happened to the Tarentines.
§8.24.2ὅτι πᾶν τὸ μέλλον κρεῖττον φαίνεται τοῦ παρόντος ὑπάρχειν. [εχξ. ϝατ. π. 375 μ. 27, 8 η. ]
That everything future appears to be better than the present.
§8.24.3προσπεσόντων δὲ τούτων εἰς Τάραντα καὶ τοὺς Θουρίους, ἠγανάκτει τὰ πλήθη. [συιδας ϝ. Προσπεσόντων. ]
When these tidings reached Tarentum and the Thurians, the multitudes were indignant.
§8.24.4τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ὡς ἐπʼ ἐξοδείαν ὁρμήσαντες ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ συνεγγίσαντες τῇ παρεμβολῇ τῶν Καρχηδονίων νυκτός, ἄλλοι μὲν συγκαθέντες εἴς τινα τόπον ὑλώδη παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἔμειναν, ὁ δὲ Φιλήμενος καὶ Νίκων προσῆλθον πρὸς τὴν παρεμβολήν.
At first, then, setting out from the city as if on a foraging expedition, and having approached the camp of the Carthaginians by night, some of them remained sitting together in a certain wooded place by the road, while Philemenus and Nicon went up to the camp.
§8.24.5τῶν δὲ φυλάκων ἐπιλαβομένων αὐτῶν, ἀνήγοντο πρὸς τὸν Ἀννίβαν, οὐδὲν εἰπόντες οὔτε πόθεν οὔτε τίνες ἦσαν, αὐτὸ δὲ μόνον τοῦτο δηλοῦντες ὅτι θέλουσι τῷ στρατηγῷ συμμῖξαι.
When the sentries apprehended them, they were brought to Hannibal, saying nothing of where they came from or who they were, but declaring only this one thing, that they wished to meet the general.
§8.24.6ταχὺ δὲ πρὸς τὸν Ἀννίβαν ἐπαναχθέντες ἔφασαν αὐτῷ κατʼ ἰδίαν βούλεσθαι διαλεχθῆναι.
Having been quickly brought before Hannibal, they said that they wished to speak with him in private.
§8.24.7τοῦ δὲ καὶ λίαν ἑτοίμως προσδεξαμένου τὴν ἔντευξιν, ἀπελογίζοντο περί τε τῶν καθʼ αὑτοὺς καὶ περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν πατρίδα, πολλὰς καὶ ποικίλας ποιούμενοι κατηγορίας Ῥωμαίων, χάριν τοῦ μὴ δοκεῖν ἀλόγως ἐμβαίνειν εἰς τὴν ὑποκειμένην πρᾶξιν.
Since he accepted the interview very readily, they explained both their own affairs and those of their country, making many and various accusations against the Romans, so that they might not seem to be embarking on the present enterprise without good reason.
§8.24.8τότε μὲν οὖν Ἀννίβας ἐπαινέσας καὶ τὴν ὁρμὴν αὐτῶν φιλανθρώπως ἀποδεξάμενος ἐξέπεμψε, συνταξάμενος παραγίνεσθαι καὶ συμμιγνύναι κατὰ τάχος αὑτῷ πάλιν.
For the moment, then, Hannibal, having praised them and kindly accepted their zeal, sent them away, arranging that they should return and meet him again with speed.
§8.24.9κατὰ δὲ τὸ παρὸν ἐκέλευσε τὰ πρῶτα τῶν ἐξελασθέντων πρωῒ θρεμμάτων καὶ τοὺς ἅμα τούτοις ἄνδρας, ἐπειδὰν ἱκανὸν ἀπόσχωσι τῆς παρεμβολῆς, περιελασαμένους εὐθαρσῶς ἀπαλλάττεσθαι· περὶ γὰρ τῆς ἀσφαλείας αὑτῷ μελήσειν.
For the present, he ordered that the first of the cattle driven out in the morning and the men with them, as soon as they were at a sufficient distance from the camp, should drive them off boldly and depart; for he said that he himself would see to their safety.
§8.24.10ἐποίει δὲ τοῦτο βουλόμενος αὑτῷ μὲν ἀναστροφὴν δοῦναι πρὸς τὸ πολυπραγμονῆσαι τὰ κατὰ τοὺς νεανίσκους, ἐκείνοις δὲ πίστιν παρασκευάζειν πρὸς τοὺς πολίτας ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ κρατίστου ποιουμένοις τὰς ἐπὶ τὰς λῃστείας ἐξόδους.
He did this wishing, on his part, to give himself leisure to investigate the situation of the young men, and on their part, to procure credit for them with their citizens, as if they were making their expeditions for plunder in the best possible manner.
§8.24.11πραξάντων δὲ τῶν περὶ τὸν Νίκωνα τὸ παραγγελθέν, ὁ μὲν Ἀννίβας περιχαρὴς ἦν διὰ τὸ μόλις ἀφορμῆς ἐπειλῆφθαι πρὸς τὴν προκειμένην ἐπιβολήν, §8.24.12οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Φιλήμενον ἔτι μᾶλλον παρώρμηντο πρὸς τὴν πρᾶξιν διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν ἔντευξιν ἀσφαλῶς γεγονέναι καὶ τὸν Ἀννίβαν ηὑρηκέναι πρόθυμον, ἔτι δὲ τὴν τῆς λείας δαψίλειαν ἱκανὴν αὐτοῖς πίστιν παρεσκευακέναι πρὸς τοὺς ἰδίους.
When Nicon and his companions did what had been commanded, Hannibal was overjoyed at having at last laid hold of a starting point for his intended undertaking, while Philemenus and his companions were still more urged on to the enterprise, because the interview had turned out safely and they had found Hannibal cooperative, and further because the abundance of the booty had procured for them sufficient credit with their own people.
§8.24.13διότι τὰ μὲν ἀποδόμενοι, τὰ δʼ εὐωχούμενοι τῆς λείας, οὐ μόνον ἐπιστεύοντο παρὰ τοῖς Ταραντίνοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ ζηλωτὰς ἔσχον οὐκ ὀλίγους.
For by selling some of the booty and feasting on the rest, they were not only believed by the Tarentines, but also had not a few imitators.

Notes

  1. §8.24.1τῶν ὑποκειμένων — Genitive of the neuter plural present participle ὑποκείμενα, meaning 'the present state of things.' It functions as an objective genitive modifying the noun κόρον (satiety, weariness), signifying 'satiety with the present state of things.'
  2. §8.24.4ὡς ἐπʼ ἐξοδείαν — The conjunction ὡς (as if, on the pretense of) accompanying the prepositional phrase ἐπʼ ἐξοδείαν (for a sorting out, for foraging/plundering) presents the subjective or feigned purpose of the main subject (the young men).
  3. §8.24.7τοῦ δὲ καὶ λίαν ἑτοίμως προσδεξαμένου τὴν ἔντευξιν — A genitive absolute construction where the pronoun τοῦ refers to Hannibal. It introduces a subject different from that of the main verb ἀπελογίζοντο (the young men), indicating the prior condition of accepting the interview.
  4. §8.24.9περιελασαμένους εὐθαρσῶς ἀπαλλάττεσθαι — An accusative with infinitive construction dependent on the main verb ἐκέλευσε (ordered). The infinitive ἀπαλλάττεσθαι (to depart) has its subject in the accusative, corresponding to `τοὺς ἅμα τούτοις ἄνδρας` (the men with them), with which the aorist participle περιελασαμένους (having driven off) agrees in the accusative.
  5. §8.24.10ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ κρατίστου — The conjunction ὡς modifying the prepositional phrase ἀπὸ τοῦ κρατίστου (from the best source / in the best manner) without a participle. It stresses the pretext or subjective appearance presented to the citizens, as if their plundering expeditions were done for the most honorable reasons.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §8.24.1-8.24.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.24.1-8.24.13

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