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Polybius · The Histories §7.3.1-7.3.9

Hieronymus Insults Roman Envoys and Rejects the Alliance

Passage 539 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Roman envoys negotiate with Hieronymus, king of Syracuse, to renew their treaty, but Hieronymus insults them and reveals his intention to side with the Carthaginians. Recognizing his hostility, the Romans begin to watch him closely as an enemy.

§7.3.1κατὰ δὲ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον ὁ τεταγμένος ἐπὶ Λιλυβαίου στρατηγὸς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ταῦτα πυνθανόμενος ἔπεμψε πρὸς Ἱερώνυμον πρέσβεις τοὺς ἀνανεωσομένους τὰς πρὸς τοὺς προγόνους αὐτοῦ συντεθειμένας συνθήκας.
Around this time, the Roman commander stationed at Lilybaeum, hearing of these matters, sent envoys to Hieronymus to renew the treaty concluded with his ancestors.
§7.3.2ὁ δʼ Ἱερώνυμος ἔτʼ ἐγγὺς ἐπόντων τῶν πρεσβευτῶν [εἴτʼ ἐν μισειόντων] τῶν Καρχηδονίων, ἔφη συλλυπεῖσθαι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ὅτι κακοὶ κακῶς ἐν ταῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν μάχαις ἀπολώλασιν ὑπὸ Καρχηδονίων.
But Hieronymus, while the Carthaginian envoys were still near at hand, said that he condoled with the Romans because they, wretched as they were, had been wretchedly destroyed by the Carthaginians in the battles in Italy.
§7.3.3τῶν δὲ καταπλαγέντων τὴν ἀστοχίαν, ὅμως δὲ προσπυθομένων τίς λέγει ταῦτα περὶ αὐτῶν, ἔδειξε τοὺς Καρχηδονίους παρόντας, καὶ τούτους ἐκέλευσε διελέγχειν, εἴ τι τυγχάνουσι ψευδόμενοι.
Although they were astonished at his tactlessness, they nevertheless asked who said these things about them; whereupon he pointed to the Carthaginians who were present, and ordered the Romans to refute them if they happened to be telling any falsehoods.
§7.3.4τῶν δὲ φησάντων οὐ πάτριον εἶναι σφίσι πιστεύειν τοῖς πολεμίοις, παρακαλούντων δὲ μηδὲν ποιεῖν παρὰ τὰς συνθήκας, ὅτι τοῦτο καὶ δίκαιόν ἐστι καὶ συμφέρον αὐτῷ μάλιστʼ ἐκείνῳ, περὶ μὲν τούτων. ἔφη βουλευσάμενος αὐτοῖς πάλιν διασαφήσειν,
The Romans declared that it was not their ancestral custom to believe their enemies, and exhorted him to do nothing contrary to the treaty, pointing out that this was both just and most advantageous to him of all; but as for these matters, he replied that he would deliberate and make his decision clear to them again.
§7.3.5ἤρετο δὲ πῶς πρὸ τῆς τελευτῆς τοῦ πάππου πλεύσαντες ἕως τοῦ Παχύνου πεντήκοντα ναυσὶ πάλιν ἀνακάμψαιεν.
He then asked them how it was that, before the death of his grandfather, they had sailed to Pachynus with fifty ships and then turned back again.
§7.3.6συμβεβήκει δὲ Ῥωμαίους βραχεῖ χρόνῳ πρότερον ἀκούσαντας Ἱέρωνα μετηλλαχέναι, καὶ διαγωνιάσαντας μή τι νεωτερίσωσιν ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις καταφρονήσαντες τῆς τοῦ καταλελειμμένου παιδὸς ἡλικίας, πεποιῆσθαι τὸν ἐπίπλουν, πυθομένους δὲ τὸν Ἱέρωνα ζῆν αὖθις εἰς τὸ Λιλύβαιον ἀναδραμεῖν.
Now it had happened that the Romans, hearing a short time before that Hiero had died, and being extremely anxious lest the Syracusans, despising the youth of the child who was left behind, should make some revolution, had made that expedition; but on learning that Hiero was still alive, they had immediately run back to Lilybaeum.
§7.3.7διὸ καὶ τότε παρομολογούντων πεποιῆσθαι μὲν τὸν ἐπίπλουν, θέλοντας ἐφεδρεῦσαι τῇ νεότητι τῇ ʼκείνου καὶ συνδιαφυλάξαι τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτῷ, προσπεσόντος δὲ ζῆν τὸν πάππον, ἀποπλεῦσαι πάλιν,
Therefore on this occasion also they admitted that they had made the voyage, wishing to support his youth and protect his power for him, but had sailed away again when news arrived that his grandfather was alive.
§7.3.8ῥηθέντων δὲ τούτων, πάλιν ὑπολαβὸν τὸ μειράκιον "ἐάσατε τοίνυν" ἔφη "κἀμὲ νῦν, ἄνδρες Ῥωμαῖοι, διαφυλάξαι τὴν ἀρχήν, παλινδρομήσαντα πρὸς τὰς Καρχηδονίων ἐλπίδασ" §7.3.9. οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι συνέντες τὴν ὁρμὴν αὐτοῦ, τότε μὲν κατασιωπήσαντες ἐπανῆλθον, καὶ διεσάφουν τὰ λεγόμενα τῷ πέμψαντι, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἤδη προσεῖχον καὶ παρεφύλαττον ὡς πολέμιον.
When this was said, the young man interrupted them again and said, "Allow me then also now, Roman gentlemen, to preserve my power by running back to the hopes held out by the Carthaginians." The Romans, understanding his inclination, kept silence for the time and departed, and reported what had been said to the one who had sent them; and henceforth they paid attention to him and watched him as an enemy.

Notes

  1. 7.3.2ἔτʼ ἐγγὺς ἐπόντων τῶν πρεσβευτῶν τῶν Καρχηδονίων — Genitive absolute construction ("while the Carthaginian envoys were still near/present"), describing the situation where Hieronymus made his tactless remark in the presence or vicinity of both parties' envoys.
  2. 7.3.3τῶν δὲ καταπλαγέντων τὴν ἀστοχίαν — Genitive absolute where τῶν δὲ refers to the Roman envoys. The accusative τὴν ἀστοχίαν acts as the object of the passive/middle participle καταπλαγέντων (startled, dumbfounded) or an accusative of respect, indicating the cause or area of their astonishment ("dumbfounded at his tactlessness").
  3. 7.3.6συμβεβήκει δὲ Ῥωμαίους — An impersonal construction with συμβεβήκει ("it had happened that..."), which governs an accusative with infinitive structure. The subject is Ῥωμαίους, and despite the intervention of multiple participle phrases, the core predicates are the infinitives πεποιῆσθαι and ἀναδραμεῖν in coordination.
  4. 7.3.8παλινδρομήσαντα — Accusative participle modifying κἀμὲ (καὶ ἐμέ, "me also"), which is the subject accusative of the infinitive διαφυλάξαι governed by the imperative ἐάσατε ("allow"). It expresses means ("by returning to...") or attendant circumstance.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §7.3.1-7.3.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.3.1-7.3.9

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