Humanitext Reader

Polybius · The Histories §6.45.1-6.45.5

Refutation of the Similarity Between Crete and Sparta

Passage 522 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The author rejects the views of ancient writers who claim that the Cretan and Spartan constitutions are similar and praiseworthy, and begins to outline the unique features of the Spartan constitution regarding land ownership, currency, and governance.

§6.45.1ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν Κρηταιῶν μεταβάντας ἄξιον ἐπιστῆσαι κατὰ δύο τρόπους πῶς οἱ λογιώτατοι τῶν ἀρχαίων συγγραφέων, Ἔφορος, Ξενοφῶν, Καλλισθένης, Πλάτων, πρῶτον μὲν ὁμοίαν εἶναί φασι καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν τῇ Λακεδαιμονίων, δεύτερον δʼ ἐπαινετὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ἀποφαίνουσιν· §6.45.2ὧν οὐδέτερον ἀληθὲς εἶναί μοι δοκεῖ.
Having passed on to the constitution of the Cretans, it is worth directing our attention in two ways to how the most illustrious of the ancient writers, Ephorus, Xenophon, Callisthenes, and Plato, first say that it is similar to and indeed the same as that of the Lacedaemonians, and second, represent it as being praiseworthy; neither of which claims seems to me to be true.
§6.45.3σκοπεῖν δʼ ἐκ τούτων πάρεστι.
And we may observe this from the following points.
καὶ πρῶτον ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀνομοιότητος διέξιμεν.
And first we shall discuss the dissimilarity.
τῆς μὲν δὴ Λακεδαιμονίων πολιτείας ἴδιον εἶναί φασι πρῶτον μὲν τὰ περὶ τὰς ἐγγαίους κτήσεις, ὧν οὐδενὶ μέτεστι πλεῖον, ἀλλὰ πάντας τοὺς πολίτας ἴσον ἔχειν δεῖ τῆς πολιτικῆς χώρας, §6.45.4δεύτερον τὰ περὶ τὴν τοῦ διαφόρου κτῆσιν, ἧς εἰς τέλος ἀδοκίμου παρʼ αὐτοῖς ὑπαρχούσης ἄρδην ἐκ τῆς πολιτείας ἀνῃρῆσθαι συμβαίνει τὴν περὶ τὸ πλεῖον καὶ τοὔλαττον φιλοτιμίαν.
For they say that it is a peculiarity of the Lacedaemonian constitution, first, in regard to the possession of land, in which no one has a larger share than another, but all citizens must have an equal share of the public territory, second, in regard to the possession of money, which being entirely discredited among them, it happens that ambition concerning the "more" and the "less" is completely eradicated from the state.
§6.45.5τρίτον παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίοις οἱ μὲν βασιλεῖς ἀΐδιον ἔχουσι τὴν ἀρχήν, οἱ δὲ προσαγορευόμενοι γέροντες διὰ βίου, διʼ ὧν καὶ μεθʼ ὧν πάντα
Third, among the Lacedaemonians the kings hold their office permanently, and those called the elders hold theirs for life, through whom and with whom all things

Notes

  1. 6.45.1μεταβάντας — An accusative participle functioning as the logical subject (referring to "us" or readers in general) of the infinitive ἐπιστῆσαι, which depends on the impersonal expression ἄξιον [ἐστί].
  2. 6.45.1ἐπιστῆσαι — Used intransitively here, but it is an idiomatic expression that historically omits an object such as τὸν νοῦν (mind, attention), meaning "to direct one's attention" or "to observe."
  3. 6.45.4τοῦ διαφόρου — Used as a substantivized neuter noun; while it generally means "difference," in Polybius's usage it specifically refers to "money," "cash," or "specie."

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §6.45.1-6.45.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.45.1-6.45.5

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