Humanitext Reader

Polybius · The Histories §6.19.1-6.19.9

Military Service Requirements and Tribune Selection

Passage 496 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

This passage details the military service requirements for Roman citizens and the annual procedure at the Capitol for assigning newly appointed military tribunes to the four primary legions.

§6.19.1ἐπειδὰν ἀποδείξωσι τοὺς ὑπάτους, μετὰ ταῦτα χιλιάρχους καθιστᾶσι, τετταρασκαίδεκα μὲν ἐκ τῶν πέντʼ ἐνιαυσίους ἐχόντων ἤδη στρατείας, δέκα δʼ ἄλλους σὺν τούτοις ἐκ τῶν δέκα.
When they have appointed the consuls, they next appoint military tribunes: fourteen from those who have already completed five years of service, and ten others in addition to these from those of ten years of service.
§6.19.2τῶν λοιπῶν τοὺς μὲν ἱππεῖς δέκα, τοὺς δὲ πεζοὺς ἓξ καὶ δέκα δεῖ στρατείας τελεῖν κατʼ ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς τετταράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν ἀπὸ γενεᾶς πλὴν τῶν ὑπὸ τὰς τετρακοσίας δραχμὰς τετιμημένων·
Of the rest, the cavalry must complete ten campaigns and the infantry sixteen, of necessity, within the forty-six years from their birth, except for those whose property is valued under four hundred drachmae.
§6.19.3τούτους δὲ παριᾶσι πάντας εἰς τὴν ναυτικὴν χρείαν.
These latter they all assign to the naval service.
ἐὰν δέ ποτε κατεπείγῃ τὰ τῆς περιστάσεως, ὀφείλουσιν οἱ πεζοὶ στρατεύειν εἴκοσι στρατείας ἐνιαυσίους.
But if ever the circumstances become pressing, the infantry are obliged to serve twenty annual campaigns.
§6.19.4πολιτικὴν δὲ λαβεῖν ἀρχὴν οὐκ ἔξεστιν οὐδενὶ πρότερον, ἐὰν μὴ δέκα στρατείας ἐνιαυσίους ᾖ τετελεκώς.
And it is not permitted for anyone to hold a public office earlier, unless he has completed ten annual campaigns.
§6.19.5ἐὰν δὲ μέλλωσι ποιεῖσθαι τὴν καταγραφὴν τῶν στρατιωτῶν οἱ τὰς ὑπάτους ἔχοντες ἀρχάς, προλέγουσιν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ τὴν ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ δεήσει παραγενέσθαι τοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἡλικίαις Ῥωμαίους ἅπαντας.
When those holding the consular office are about to make the enrollment of the soldiers, they proclaim in public the day on which it will be necessary for all Romans of military age to appear.
ποιοῦσι δὲ τοῦτο καθʼ ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτόν.
And they do this every year.
§6.19.6τῆς δʼ ἡμέρας ἐπελθούσης καὶ τῶν στρατευσίμων παραγενομένων εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην, καὶ μετὰ ταῦθʼ ἁθροισθέντων εἰς τὸ Καπετώλιον, διεῖλον σφᾶς αὐτοὺς οἱ νεώτεροι τῶν χιλιάρχων, §6.19.7καθάπερ ἂν ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου κατασταθῶσιν ἢ τῶν στρατηγῶν, εἰς τέτταρα μέρη διὰ τὸ τέτταρα παρʼ αὐτοῖς στρατόπεδα τὴν ὁλοσχερῆ καὶ πρώτην διαίρεσιν τῶν δυνάμεων ποιεῖσθαι.
When the day has arrived and those liable to military service have come to Rome, and after that have assembled at the Capitol, the younger of the military tribunes divide themselves into four parts, according as they have been appointed by the people or by the generals, because with them the complete and primary division of the forces forms four legions.
§6.19.8καὶ τοὺς μὲν πρώτους κατασταθέντας τέτταρας εἰς τὸ πρῶτον καλούμενον στρατόπεδον ἔνειμαν, τοὺς δʼ ἑξῆς τρεῖς εἰς τὸ δεύτερον, τοὺς δʼ ἑπομένους τούτοις τέτταρας εἰς τὸ τρίτον, τρεῖς δὲ τοὺς τελευταίους εἰς τὸ τέταρτον.
And they assigned the first four appointed to the so-called first legion, the next three to the second, the next four following these to the third, and the last three to the fourth.
§6.19.9τῶν δὲ πρεσβυτέρων δύο μὲν τοὺς πρώτους εἰς τὸ πρῶτον, τρεῖς δὲ τοὺς δευτέρους εἰς τὸ δεύτερον τιθέασι στρατόπεδον, δύο δὲ τοὺς ἑξῆς εἰς τὸ τρίτον, τρεῖς δὲ τοὺς τελευταίους εἰς τὸ τέταρτον [τῶν
Of the senior tribunes, they place the first two in the first legion, the second three in the second, the next two in the third, and the last three in the fourth.

Notes

  1. 6.19.1ἐκ τῶν πέντʼ ἐνιαυσίους ἐχόντων ἤδη στρατείας — The genitive plural present participle ἐχόντων with the article functions substantively ('those who have...'), where πέντε and ἐνιαυσίους modify στρατείας, meaning 'from those who already have completed five annual campaigns.'
  2. 6.19.2ἐν τοῖς τετταράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν ἀπὸ γενεᾶς — Literally 'within the forty-six years from birth,' referring to the age limit of the military obligation for Roman citizens (from age 17 up to age 46).
  3. 6.19.7διὰ τὸ τέτταρα παρʼ αὐτοῖς στρατόπεδα τὴν ὁλοσχερῆ καὶ πρώτην διαίρεσιν τῶν δυνάμεων ποιεῖσθαι — A causal clause introduced by διὰ τὸ with the infinitive ποιεῖσθαι. The accusative τέτταρα στρατόπεδα acts as the subject, while τὴν ὁλοσχερῆ καὶ πρώτην διαίρεσιν τῶν δυνάμεων functions as the object of the infinitive, meaning 'because with them four legions make up the complete and primary division of the forces.'

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §6.19.1-6.19.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.19.1-6.19.9

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.