Humanitext Reader

Polybius · The Histories §5.92.1-5.92.10

Failed Invasion of Messenia and Aratus's Defenses

Passage 456 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The joint invasion of Messenia by Lycurgus of Sparta and Pyrrhias of Aetolia fails due to Aratus's defense measures and local resistance. Aratus subsequently redistributes forces to secure the borders against future attacks.

§5.92.1Ἄρατος μὲν οὖν ταῦτʼ ἔπραττε καὶ ταύτας ἐξήρτυε τὰς παρασκευάς·
Aratus, then, was doing these things and making these preparations.
§5.92.2ὁ δὲ Λυκοῦργος καὶ Πυρρίας διαπεμψάμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἵνα ταῖς αὐταῖς ἡμέραις ποιήσωνται τὴν ἔξοδον, προῆγον εἰς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν.
Lycurgus and Pyrrhias, having sent messages to each other so that they might make their departure on the same days, advanced into Messenia.
§5.92.3ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, συνεὶς τὴν ἐπιβολὴν αὐτῶν, ἧκεν ἔχων τοὺς μισθοφόρους καί τινας τῶν ἐπιλέκτων εἰς τὴν Μεγάλην πόλιν παραβοηθήσων τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις.
But the general of the Achaeans, having understood their plan, arrived at Megalopolis with the mercenaries and some of the select troops, intending to assist the Messenians.
§5.92.4Λυκοῦργος δʼ ἐξορμήσας τὰς μὲν Καλάμας, χωρίον τι τῶν Μεσσηνίων, προδοσίᾳ κατέσχε, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα προῆγε, σπεύδων συμμῖξαι τοῖς Αἰτωλοῖς.
Lycurgus, having set out, captured Calamae, a stronghold of the Messenians, by treachery, and after this he advanced, hastening to join the Aetolians.
§5.92.5ὁ δὲ Πυρρίας παντελῶς ἐλαφρὸς ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῆς Ἤλιδος, καὶ κατὰ τὴν εἰσβολὴν τὴν εἰς Μεσσηνίαν εὐθέως κωλυθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν Κυπαρισσέων, ἀνέστρεψε.
But Pyrrhias, having set out from Elis completely light-armed, and being immediately checked by the Cyparissians during his invasion of Messenia, turned back.
§5.92.6διόπερ ὁ Λυκοῦργος, οὔτε συμμῖξαι δυνάμενος τοῖς περὶ τὸν Πυρρίαν οὔτʼ αὐτὸς ἀξιόχρεως ὑπάρχων, ἐπὶ βραχὺ προσβολὰς ποιησάμενος πρὸς τὴν Ἀνδανίαν ἄπρακτος αὖθις εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην ἀπηλλάγη.
Therefore Lycurgus, being unable to join Pyrrhias' forces and not being strong enough himself, made some brief attacks on Andania and then returned to Sparta without having accomplished anything.
§5.92.7Ἄρατος δέ, διαπεσούσης τοῖς πολεμίοις τῆς ἐπιβολῆς, τὸ κατὰ λόγον ποιῶν καὶ προνοούμενος τοῦ μέλλοντος, συνετάξατο πρός τε Ταυρίωνα παρασκευάζειν ἱππεῖς πεντήκοντα καὶ πεζοὺς πεντακοσίους καὶ πρὸς Μεσσηνίους, ἵνα τοὺς ἴσους τούτοις ἱππεῖς καὶ πεζοὺς ἐξαποστείλωσι, §5.92.8βουλόμενος τούτοις μὲν τοῖς ἀνδράσι παραφυλάττεσθαι τήν τε τῶν Μεσσηνίων χώραν καὶ Μεγαλοπολιτῶν καὶ Τεγεατῶν, ἔτι δὲ τῶν Ἀργείων — §5.92.9αὗται γὰρ αἱ χῶραι, συντερμονοῦσαι τῇ Λακωνικῇ πρόκεινται τῶν ἄλλων Πελοποννησίων πρὸς τὸν ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων πόλεμον — §5.92.10τοῖς δʼ Ἀχαϊκοῖς ἐπιλέκτοις καὶ μισθοφόροις τὰ πρὸς τὴν Ἠλείαν καὶ τὴν Αἰτωλίαν ἐστραμμένα μέρη τῆς Ἀχαΐας τηρεῖν.
Aratus, when the enemy's plan failed, acting reasonably and looking to the future, arranged with Taurion to prepare fifty cavalry and five hundred infantry, and with the Messenians to send an equal number of cavalry and infantry, wishing that by these men the territory of the Messenians, Megalopolitans, and Tegeans, and also that of the Argives, should be guarded— for these territories, bordering on Laconia, lie in front of the rest of the Peloponnesians facing the war against the Lacedaemonians— and that the Achaean select troops and mercenaries should guard those parts of Achaea facing Elis and Aetolia.

Notes

  1. §5.92.3παραβοηθήσων — A future active participle expressing purpose after the verb of motion ἧκεν, meaning 'intending to assist' or 'in order to assist'.
  2. §5.92.6ἀξιόχρεως — An adjective meaning 'sufficient' or 'adequate'. In this military context, it refers to Lycurgus having sufficient force or resources on his own to carry out the operation.
  3. §5.92.7διαπεσούσης τοῖς πολεμίοις τῆς ἐπιβολῆς — A genitive absolute construction where τῆς ἐπιβολῆς is the subject and the aorist participle διαπεσούσης (from διαπίπτω, 'to fail') is the predicate. The dative τοῖς πολεμίοις is a dative of disadvantage or reference ('for the enemy').
  4. §5.92.8βουλόμενος — The participle βουλόμενος governs two infinitives: παραφυλάττεσθαι (passive or middle 'to be guarded' or 'to guard') in §5.92.8 and τηρεῖν ('to guard') in §5.92.10, which are separated by the parenthetical explanatory clause in §5.92.9.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §5.92.1-5.92.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.92.1-5.92.10

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.