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Polybius · The Histories §5.80.1-5.80.7

Encampment and Skirmishes near Raphia

Passage 444 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The armies of Ptolemy and Antiochus advance and camp near Raphia, initially remaining at a distance, but frequent skirmishes break out once Antiochus moves his camp closer to Ptolemy's lines.

§5.80.1Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ποιησάμενος τὴν πορείαν ἐπὶ Πηλουσίου, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πόλει κατέζευξε, §5.80.2προσαναλαβὼν δὲ τοὺς ἐφελκομένους καὶ σιτομετρήσας τὴν δύναμιν ἐκίνει, καὶ προῆγε ποιούμενος τὴν πορείαν παρὰ τὸ Κάσιον καὶ τὰ Βάραθρα καλούμενα διὰ τῆς ἀνύδρου. §5.80.3διανύσας δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ προκείμενον πεμπταῖος, κατεστρατοπέδευσε πεντήκοντα σταδίους ἀποσχὼν Ῥαφίας, ἣ κεῖται μετὰ Ῥινοκόλουρα πρώτη τῶν κατὰ Κοίλην Συρίαν πόλεων ὡς πρὸς τὴν Αἴγυπτον. §5.80.4κατὰ δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς καιροὺς Ἀντίοχος ἧκε τὴν δύναμιν ἔχων, παραγενόμενος δʼ εἰς Γάζαν καὶ προσαναλαβὼν ἐνταῦθα τὴν δύναμιν αὖθις προῄει βάδην.
Ptolemy, having made his march towards Pelusium, first of all pitched his camp in this city. Then, taking up the stragglers and distributing rations to his army, he set them in motion and advanced, making his way past Mount Casius and the places called the Barathra (Pits), through the waterless desert. Accomplishing his journey to his destination on the fifth day, he encamped at a distance of fifty stades from Raphia, which lies next after Rhinocolura and is the first of the cities of Coele-Syria on the side of Egypt. At the very same time Antiochus arrived with his army, and coming to Gaza and taking up his forces there, he again advanced at a slow pace.
καὶ παραλλάξας τὴν προειρημένην πόλιν κατεστρατοπέδευσε νυκτός, ἀποσχὼν τῶν ὑπεναντίων ὡς δέκα σταδίους. §5.80.5τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ἐν τούτῳ τῷ διαστήματι γεγονότες ἀντεστρατοπέδευον ἀλλήλοις· §5.80.6μετὰ δέ τινας ἡμέρας Ἀντίοχος, ἅμα τόπον βουλόμενος εὐφυέστερον μεταλαβεῖν καὶ ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἐμποιῆσαι θάρσος, προσεστρατοπέδευσε τοῖς περὶ τὸν Πτολεμαῖον, ὥστε μὴ πλεῖον τῶν πέντε σταδίων τοὺς χάρακας ἀπέχειν ἀλλήλων. §5.80.7ἐν ᾧ καιρῷ περί τε τὰς ὑδρείας καὶ προνομὰς ἐγίνοντο συμπλοκαὶ πλείους, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ μεταξὺ τῶν στρατοπέδων ἀκροβολισμοὶ συνίσταντο, ποτὲ μὲν ἱππέων, ποτὲ δὲ καὶ πεζῶν.
Having passed the aforementioned city, he encamped by night, at a distance of about ten stades from the enemy. At first, then, being at this distance, they remained encamped opposite to one another. But after a few days Antiochus, wishing at once to occupy a more advantageous position and to inspire courage in his forces, moved his camp close to that of Ptolemy, so that their ramparts were not more than five stades apart from each other. During this time, numerous skirmishes took place over water-carrying and foraging, and likewise between the camps minor engagements occurred, sometimes of cavalry and sometimes also of infantry.

Notes

  1. §5.80.2τοὺς ἐφελκομένους — A substantival present middle/passive participle meaning 'those dragged along behind'. It refers to the stragglers, non-combatants, or baggage train who were falling behind the main body of the marching army.
  2. §5.80.3πεμπταῖος — An adjective meaning 'on the fifth day', functioning predicatively to agree with the subject, Ptolemy. In Greek, adjectives indicating time or days are regularly used in agreement with the subject to express adverbial time relations.
  3. §5.80.4προειρημένην πόλιν — Although two cities, Gaza and Raphia, have been mentioned just before, the context of Antiochus arriving at Gaza (παραγενόμενος δʼ εἰς Γάζαν), organizing his forces there, and then advancing (προῄει) indicates that the 'aforementioned city' which he passed (παραλλάξας) is Gaza.
  4. §5.80.6ὥστε μὴ πλεῖον τῶν πέντε σταδίων τοὺς χάρακας ἀπέχειν — A consecutive clause introduced by ὥστε with the infinitive ἀπέχειν. Its subject is the accusative τοὺς χάρακας (the ramparts). μὴ πλεῖον τῶν πέντε σταδίων uses the comparative to express a limit of distance, meaning 'not more than five stades apart.'

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §5.80.1-5.80.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.80.1-5.80.7

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