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Polybius · The Histories §5.53.1-5.53.11

Battle Formations of Antiochus and Molo

Passage 417 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Antiochus III deploys his forces for battle, positioning the cavalry on the wings, the phalanx in the center, elephants in the front, and reserves on the flanks. Molo, despite the night's confusion, prepares his own battle array with cavalry, infantry, and scythed chariots.

§5.53.1γεγενημένην ἐν αὐτοῖς ταραχήν·
...the confusion that had arisen among them.
ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἕτοιμος ὢν πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον ἅμα τῷ φωτὶ τὴν δύναμιν ἐκίνει πᾶσαν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος. §5.53.2ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρως ἔταξε πρώτους τοὺς ξυστοφόρους ἱππεῖς, ἐπιστήσας Ἄρδυν, κεκριμένον ἄνδρα περὶ τὰς πολεμικὰς πράξεις· §5.53.3τούτοις δὲ παρέθηκε τοὺς συμμαχικοὺς Κρῆτας, ὧν εἴχοντο Γαλάται Ῥιγόσαγες· παρὰ δὲ τούτους ἔθηκε τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ξένους καὶ μισθοφόρους, οἷς ἑπόμενον παρενέβαλε τὸ τῆς φάλαγγος σύστημα. §5.53.4τὸ δʼ εὐώνυμον κέρας ἀπέδωκε τοῖς Ἑταίροις προσαγορευομένοις, οὖσιν ἱππεῦσι.
As for the king, being ready for the conflict, he moved his entire force out of the camp at daybreak. On the right wing, then, he stationed first the lance-bearing cavalry, putting Ardys in command, a man well-tried in military affairs. Next to these he placed the allied Cretans, who were followed by the Rigosages Galatians; and beside these he stationed the foreign mercenaries from Greece, following whom he drew up the body of the phalanx. The left wing he assigned to the cavalry called the Companions.
τὰ δὲ θηρία πρὸ τῆς δυνάμεως ἐν διαστήμασι κατέστησε, δέκα τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὄντα. §5.53.5τὰ δʼ ἐπιτάγματα τῶν πεζῶν καὶ τῶν ἱππέων ἐπὶ τὰ κέρατα μερίσας κυκλοῦν παρήγγειλε τοὺς πολεμίους, ἐπειδὰν συμβάλωσι. §5.53.6μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα παρεκάλει τὰς δυνάμεις ἐπιπορευόμενος διὰ βραχέων τὰ πρέποντα τοῖς καιροῖς.
He stationed the beasts, ten in number, at intervals in front of the army. Having distributed the reserves of infantry and cavalry upon the wings, he ordered them to encircle the enemy once they engaged. After this, going along the ranks, he encouraged the forces briefly with words suited to the occasion.
καὶ τὸ μὲν εὐώνυμον κέρας Ἑρμείᾳ καὶ Ζεύξιδι παρέδωκε, τὸ δὲ δεξιὸν αὐτὸς εἶχε.
He delivered the left wing to Hermeias and Zeuxis, and held the right himself.
Μόλων δὲ δύσχρηστον μὲν ἐποιήσατο τὴν ἐξαγωγήν, §5.53.7ταραχώδη δὲ καὶ τὴν ἔκταξιν διὰ τὴν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ προγεγενημένην ἀλογίαν· §5.53.8οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὲν ἱππεῖς ἐφʼ ἑκάτερον ἐμερίσατο κέρας, στοχαζόμενος τῆς τῶν ὑπεναντίων παρατάξεως, τοὺς δὲ θυρεαφόρους καὶ Γαλάτας καὶ καθόλου τὰ βαρέα τῶν ὅπλων εἰς τὸν μεταξὺ τόπον ἔθηκε τῶν ἱππέων. §5.53.9ἔτι δὲ τοὺς τοξότας καὶ σφενδονήτας καὶ συλλήβδην τὸ τοιοῦτο γένος ἐκτὸς τῶν ἱππέων παρʼ ἑκάτερα παρενέβαλε, §5.53.10τὰ δὲ δρεπανηφόρα τῶν ἁρμάτων προεβάλετο τῆς δυνάμεως ἐν διαστάσει. §5.53.11καὶ τὸ μὲν εὐώνυμον κέρας Νεολάῳ παρέδωκε τἀδελφῷ, τὸ δὲ
Molo, on his part, made the leading out of his troops a difficult matter, and his deployment was also confused owing to the panic that had occurred during the night; nevertheless, he divided his cavalry between both wings, calculating the arrangement of the enemy, and placed the shield-bearers, the Galatians, and in general all the heavy-armed troops in the space between the cavalry. Furthermore, he drew up the archers, the slingers, and in short all that class of troops outside the cavalry on both sides, and projected the scythed chariots at intervals in front of his force. He delivered the left wing to his brother Neolaus, and the [right]...

Notes

  1. §5.53.1γεγενημένην ἐν αὐτοῖς ταραχήν — The phrase forms the direct object of the verb κατεπράϋνε ('calmed') at the end of the previous chapter (5.52.14). The perfect participle γεγενημένην modifies ταραχήν across the chapter division.
  2. §5.53.3ὧν εἴχοντο — The middle-passive verb ἔχομαι with a genitive (ὧν) means 'to cling to', 'to be adjacent to', or 'to follow immediately after'. Here it expresses that the Galatians were positioned next to/immediately behind the Cretans.
  3. §5.53.5τὰ δʼ ἐπιτάγματα — A military technical term referring to the 'reserve forces' or 'support divisions'. It is in the accusative case, serving as the direct object of the participle μερίσας.
  4. §5.53.7ταραχώδη δὲ καὶ τὴν ἔκταξιν — This structure is parallel to the preceding clause (δύσχρηστον μὲν ἐποιήσατο τὴν ἐξαγωγήν). The verb ἐποιήσατο is understood here, with τὴν ἔκταξιν as the object and ταραχώδη as the predicate adjective.
  5. §5.53.11τὸ δὲ — The sentence is interrupted at the end of the chunk, and the description of the corresponding right wing (τὸ δὲ [right wing...]) continues into the next chunk.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §5.53.1-5.53.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.53.1-5.53.11

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