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Polybius · The Histories §5.45.1-5.45.10

Molo's Failed Siege and Antiochus' March to Marsyas

Passage 409 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Molo, growing powerful by ruling Media, attempts to besiege Seleucia but fails and retreats to winter quarters in Ctesiphon, while King Antiochus III plans a campaign against him but is redirected by Hermeias, leading the army through Laodicea to the Marsyas valley.

§5.45.1κυριεύων δὲ ταύτης τῆς χώρας, βασιλικὴν ἐχούσης περίστασιν, καὶ πάλαι μὲν φοβερὸς ἦν, ὡς πρότερον εἶπα, διὰ τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τῆς δυναστείας·
Ruling over this country, which possessed a royal environment, Molo had even of old been formidable, as I said before, owing to the superior power of his sovereignty.
§5.45.2τότε δὲ καὶ τῶν τοῦ βασιλέως στρατηγῶν δοκούντων παρακεχωρηκέναι τῶν ὑπαίθρων αὐτῷ καὶ τῶν ἰδίων δυνάμεων ἐπηρμένων ταῖς ὁρμαῖς διὰ τὸ κατὰ λόγον σφίσι προχωρεῖν τὰς πρώτας ἐλπίδας, τελέως ἐδόκει φοβερὸς εἶναι καὶ ἀνυπόστατος πᾶσι τοῖς τὴν Ἀσίαν κατοικοῦσι.
And at that time, as the king's generals were also considered to have abandoned the open field to him, and as his own forces were elated in their impulses because their first hopes had succeeded according to expectation, he seemed to all the inhabitants of Asia to be completely formidable and irresistible.
§5.45.3διὸ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπεβάλετο διαβὰς τὸν Τίγριν πολιορκεῖν τὴν Σελεύκειαν·
For this reason, he first attempted to cross the Tigris and besiege Seleucia.
§5.45.4κωλυθείσης δὲ τῆς διαβάσεως ὑπὸ Ζεύξιδος διὰ τὸ καταλαβέσθαι τὰ ποτάμια πλοῖα, τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ἀναχωρήσας εἰς τὴν ἐν τῇ Κτησιφῶντι λεγομένῃ στρατοπεδείαν παρεσκεύαζε ταῖς δυνάμεσι τὰ πρὸς τὴν παραχειμασίαν.
But having been prevented from crossing by Zeuxis, who had seized the river boats, he retreated in this manner to the camp called that in Ctesiphon, and prepared there the requisites for wintering his forces.
§5.45.5ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἀκούσας τήν τε τοῦ Μόλωνος ἔφοδον καὶ τὴν τῶν ἰδίων στρατηγῶν ἀναχώρησιν αὐτὸς μὲν ἦν ἕτοιμος πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸν Μόλωνα στρατεύειν, ἀποστὰς τῆς ἐπὶ τὸν Πτολεμαῖον ὁρμῆς, καὶ μὴ προΐεσθαι τοὺς καιρούς·
The king, on hearing of the invasion of Molo and the retreat of his own generals, was himself ready to march again against Molo, abandoning his expedition against Ptolemy, and determined not to let the opportunities slip.
§5.45.6Ἑρμείας δέ, τηρῶν τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πρόθεσιν ἐπὶ μὲν τὸν Μόλωνα Ξενοίταν τὸν Ἀχαιὸν ἐξέπεμψε στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα μετὰ δυνάμεως, φήσας δεῖν πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἀποστάτας στρατηγοῖς πολεμεῖν, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς βασιλεῖς αὐτὸν ποιεῖσθαι τὸν βασιλέα καὶ τὰς ἐπιβολὰς καὶ τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅλων ἀγῶνας,
But Hermeias, adhering to his original policy, sent out Xenoetas the Achaean as general plenipotentiary against Molo with an army, declaring that they ought to fight against rebels with generals, but that the king himself should conduct the campaigns and the struggles for the supreme power against kings.
§5.45.7αὐτὸς δὲ διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν ὑποχείριον ἔχων τὸν νεανίσκον προῆγε, καὶ συνήθροιζε τὰς δυνάμεις εἰς Ἀπάμειαν· ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἀναζεύξας ἧκε πρὸς τὴν Λαοδίκειαν.
Hermeias himself, keeping the youth under his influence because of his age, led the way, and assembled the forces at Apameia, and from there, breaking up camp, arrived at Laodicea.
§5.45.8ἀφʼ ἧς ποιησάμενος τὴν ὁρμὴν ὁ βασιλεὺς μετὰ πάσης τῆς στρατιᾶς, καὶ διελθὼν τὴν ἔρημον, ἐνέβαλεν εἰς τὸν αὐλῶνα τὸν προσαγορευόμενον Μαρσύαν, §5.45.9ὃς κεῖται μὲν μεταξὺ τῆς κατὰ τὸν Λίβανον καὶ τὸν Ἀντιλίβανον παρωρείας, συνάγεται δʼ εἰς στενὸν ὑπὸ τῶν προειρημένων ὀρῶν.
Starting from this city with all his army, and passing through the desert, the king entered the valley called Marsyas, which lies between the slopes of Libanus and Antilibanus, and is compressed into a narrow pass by the aforementioned mountains.
§5.45.10συμβαίνει δὲ καὶ τοῦτον αὐτὸν τὸν τόπον, ᾗ στενώτατός ἐστι, διείργεσθαι τενάγεσι καὶ
And it happens that this very place, where it is narrowest, is intersected by marshes and

Notes

  1. 5.45.1βασιλικὴν ἐχούσης περίστασιν — A genitive absolute participle construction modifying ταύτης τῆς χώρας, explaining the background or reason that the region of Media possessed a royal stature or importance.
  2. 5.45.2τῶν τοῦ βασιλέως στρατηγῶν δοκούντων... καὶ τῶν ἰδίων δυνάμεων ἐπηρμένων... — Two parallel genitive absolute constructions presenting the reasons or circumstances of other agents distinct from the main subject Molo. Furthermore, τῶν ὑπαίθρων following παρακεχωρηκέναι is a neuter plural genitive noun meaning 'open field' or 'campaign', representing a genitive of separation.
  3. 5.45.5ἀποστὰς τῆς ἐπὶ τὸν Πτολεμαῖον ὁρμῆς, καὶ μὴ προΐεσθαι τοὺς καιρούς — The participle ἀποστὰς is the second aorist active of the intransitive ἀφίστημι, governing the genitive of separation τῆς... ὁρμῆς (enterprise, expedition) to mean 'having desisted from'. The infinitive μὴ προΐεσθαι depends on ἕτοιμος ἦν, expressing negative purpose or intent ('not to let the opportunities slip').
  4. 5.45.6φήσας δεῖν πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἀποστάτας στρατηγοῖς πολεμεῖν, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς βασιλεῖς αὐτὸν ποιεῖσθαι τὸν βασιλέα... — An intricate accusative-with-infinitive construction embedded under φήσας. The infinitive δεῖν introduces two subordinate infinitive clauses: the first, πολεμεῖν, has the dative στρατηγοῖς as its logical subject/agent, while the second, ποιεῖσθαι, has the accusative αὐτὸν τὸν βασιλέα as its logical subject.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §5.45.1-5.45.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.45.1-5.45.10

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