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Polybius · The Histories §5.34.1-5.34.11

Negligence of Ptolemy Philopator and the Conspiracies

Passage 398 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Ptolemy Philopator, after ascending the throne, becomes overconfident and self-indulgent, neglecting the foreign dependencies that his predecessors had carefully maintained as a shield, which leads to numerous conspiracies against him, starting with Cleomenes of Sparta.

§5.34.1ὡς γὰρ θᾶττον Πτολεμαῖος ὁ κληθεὶς Φιλοπάτωρ, μεταλλάξαντος τοῦ πατρός, ἐπανελόμενος τὸν ἀδελφὸν Μάγαν καὶ τοὺς τούτῳ συνεργοῦντας παρέλαβε τὴν τῆς Αἰγύπτου δυναστείαν, §5.34.2νομίσας τῶν μὲν οἰκείων φόβων ἀπολελύσθαι διʼ αὑτοῦ καὶ διὰ τῆς προειρημένης πράξεως, τῶν δʼ ἐκτὸς κινδύνων ἀπηλλάχθαι διὰ τὴν τύχην, Ἀντιγόνου μὲν καὶ Σελεύκου μετηλλαχότων, Ἀντιόχου δὲ καὶ Φιλίππου τῶν διαδεδεγμένων τὰς ἀρχὰς παντάπασι νέων καὶ μόνον οὐ παίδων ὑπαρχόντων, §5.34.3καταπιστεύσας διὰ ταῦτα τοῖς παροῦσι καιροῖς, πανηγυρικώτερον διῆγε τὰ κατὰ τὴν ἀρχήν, §5.34.4ἀνεπίστατον μὲν καὶ δυσέντευκτον αὑτὸν παρασκευάζων τοῖς περὶ τὴν αὐλὴν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς τὰ κατὰ τὴν Αἴγυπτον χειρίζουσιν, ὀλίγωρον δὲ καὶ ῥᾴθυμον ὑποδεικνύων τοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν ἔξω πραγμάτων διατεταγμένοις, §5.34.5ὑπὲρ ὧν οἱ πρότερον οὐκ ἐλάττω, μείζω δʼ ἐποιοῦντο σπουδὴν ἢ περὶ τῆς κατʼ αὐτὴν τὴν Αἴγυπτον δυναστείας. §5.34.6τοιγαροῦν ἐπέκειντο μὲν τοῖς τῆς Συρίας βασιλεῦσι καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν, Κοίλης Συρίας καὶ Κύπρου κυριεύοντες· §5.34.7παρέκειντο δὲ τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν δυνάσταις, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ταῖς νήσοις, δεσπόζοντες τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων πόλεων καὶ τόπων καὶ λιμένων κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν παραλίαν ἀπὸ Παμφυλίας ἕως Ἑλλησπόντου καὶ τῶν κατὰ Λυσιμάχειαν τόπων· §5.34.8ἐφήδρευον δὲ τοῖς ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ καὶ τοῖς ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ πράγμασι, τῶν κατʼ Αἶνον καὶ Μαρώνειαν καὶ πορρώτερον ἔτι πόλεων κυριεύοντες. §5.34.9καὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ τρόπῳ μακρὰν ἐκτετακότες τὰς χεῖρας, καὶ προβεβλημένοι πρὸ αὑτῶν ἐκ πολλοῦ τὰς δυναστείας, οὐδέποτε περὶ τῆς κατʼ Αἴγυπτον ἠγωνίων ἀρχῆς.
For as soon as Ptolemy surnamed Philopator, upon the death of his father, had put to death his brother Magas and those cooperating with him and taken over the sovereignty of Egypt, thinking that he had been released from domestic fears by his own efforts and through the aforementioned action, and that he had been delivered from external dangers through fortune, since Antigonus and Seleucus had passed away, and Antiochus and Philip, who had succeeded to their empires, were altogether young and all but children, having on these accounts trusted in the present circumstances, he conducted the affairs of his reign in a more festive manner, making himself heedless and difficult of access to those about the court and to the others who managed affairs in Egypt, and showing himself negligent and indolent to those appointed over foreign affairs. Concerning which foreign affairs, his predecessors had made not less, but rather greater concern than about the sovereignty of Egypt itself. Accordingly, they pressed hard upon the kings of Syria both by land and by sea, ruling over Coele-Syria and Cyprus; and they lay close to the dynasts in Asia, and likewise to the islands, ruling over the most famous cities, places, and harbors along the whole coast from Pamphylia to the Hellespont and the places around Lysimachia; and they watched closely the affairs in Thrace and Macedonia, ruling over the cities of Aenus and Maroneia and those still further off. And having in this way stretched out their hands far, and having long thrown forward their dependencies as a shield before themselves, they were never anxious about their rule over Egypt.
διὸ καὶ τὴν σπουδὴν εἰκότως μεγάλην ἐποιοῦντο περὶ τῶν ἔξω πραγμάτων. §5.34.10ὁ δὲ προειρημένος βασιλεὺς ὀλιγώρως ἕκαστα τούτων χειρίζων διὰ τοὺς ἀπρεπεῖς ἔρωτας καὶ τὰς ἀλόγους καὶ συνεχεῖς μέθας, εἰκότως ἐν πάνυ βραχεῖ χρόνῳ καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἅμα καὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐπιβούλους εὗρε καὶ πλείους, §5.34.11ὧν ἐγένετο πρῶτος Κλεομένης ὁ Σπαρτιάτης.
Wherefore they also naturally took great care about foreign affairs. But the aforementioned king, managing each of these things negligently owing to his shameful amours and irrational and constant drinking bouts, naturally in a very short time found several conspirators against both his life and his rule, of whom Cleomenes the Spartan was the first.

Notes

  1. 5.34.1ὡς γὰρ θᾶττον — A temporal conjunction phrase meaning "as soon as." The main verb of this long sentence is "διῆγε" in §5.34.3, to which this clause is subordinate, following a series of participial phrases in §5.34.1 and §5.34.2.
  2. 5.34.2νομίσας τῶν μὲν οἰκείων φόβων ἀπολελύσθαι — The participle "νομίσας" (thinking) refers to Ptolemy and governs two parallel perfect passive infinitives, "ἀπολελύσθαι" and "ἀπηλλάχθαι," both of which govern genitives of separation ("τῶν μὲν οἰκείων φόβων" and "τῶν δʼ ἐκτὸς κινδύνων" respectively).
  3. 5.34.2Ἀντιγόνου μὲν καὶ Σελεύκου μετηλλαχότων — Genitive absolute construction. The participles "μετηλλαχότων" and "ὑπαρχόντων" describe the circumstances (the deaths of Antigonus and Seleucus, and the extreme youth of Antiochus and Philip) that led Ptolemy to believe he was safe from external dangers.
  4. 5.34.9προβεβλημένοι πρὸ αὑτῶν ἐκ πολλοῦ τὰς δυναστείας — Perfect middle participle of "προβάλλω," used here with the middle-voice force of "having thrown forward as a shield or barrier before themselves." It governs the direct object "τὰς δυναστείας" (their foreign dependencies/empires).
  5. 5.34.11ὧν ἐγένετο πρῶτος Κλεομένης — The relative pronoun "ὧν" is a partitive genitive referring back to "ἐπιβούλους... καὶ πλείους" (several conspirators) in the preceding sentence.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §5.34.1-5.34.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.34.1-5.34.11

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