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Polybius · The Histories §5.106.1-5.106.8

Restoration of Peace in Peloponnese and Athenian Flattery

Passage 470 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The Achaeans and other Peloponnesian cities recover their peaceful lives and restore their ancient religious traditions, while Athens, freed from Macedonian fears, turns to submissive adulation of foreign kings under its new leaders.

§5.106.1Ἀχαιοὶ μὲν οὖν ὡς θᾶττον ἀπέθεντο τὸν πόλεμον, στρατηγὸν αὑτῶν ἑλόμενοι Τιμόξενον, ἀναχωρήσαντες εἰς τὰ σφέτερα νόμιμα καὶ τὰς διαγωγάς, §5.106.2ἅμʼ Ἀχαιοῖς δʼ [καὶ] αἱ λοιπαὶ πόλεις αἱ κατὰ Πελοπόννησον, ἀνεκτῶντο μὲν τοὺς ἰδίους βίους, ἐθεράπευον δὲ τὴν χώραν, ἀνενεοῦντο δὲ τὰς πατρίους θυσίας καὶ πανηγύρεις καὶ τἄλλα τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς παρʼ ἑκάστοις ὑπάρχοντα νόμιμα.
The Achaeans, as soon as they laid aside the war, having elected Timoxenus as their general, returned to their customary laws and ways of life; and at the same time as the Achaeans, the other cities throughout the Peloponnese recovered their private lives, cultivated their land, and renewed their ancestral sacrifices, festivals, and other religious customs established among each of them.
§5.106.3σχεδὸν γὰρ ὡς ἂν εἰ λήθην συνέβαινε γεγονέναι παρὰ τοῖς πλείστοις περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα διὰ τὴν συνέχειαν τῶν προγεγονότων πολέμων.
For a state of almost complete forgetfulness concerning such matters had come to exist among most people due to the continuity of the preceding wars.
§5.106.4οὐ γὰρ οἶδʼ ὅπως ἀεί ποτε Πελοποννήσιοι, τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων οἰκειότατα πρὸς τὸν ἥμερον καὶ τὸν ἀνθρώπινον βίον ἔχοντες, ἥκιστα πάντων ἀπολελαύκασιν αὐτοῦ κατά γε τοὺς ἀνώτερον χρόνους, μᾶλλον δέ πως κατὰ τὸν Εὐριπίδην ἦσαν ἀεὶ πρασίμοχθοί τινες καὶ οὔποτε ἥσυχοι δορί.
For I know not how it is that the Peloponnesians, although having of all men the greatest natural affinity for a gentle and civilized life, have least of all enjoyed it, at least in earlier times, but rather, as Euripides says, were always "toil-worn and never at rest from the spear."
§5.106.5τοῦτο δέ μοι δοκοῦσι πάσχειν εἰκότως· ἅπαντες γὰρ ἡγεμονικοὶ καὶ φιλελεύθεροι ταῖς φύσεσι μάχονται συνεχῶς πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἀπαραχωρήτως διακείμενοι περὶ τῶν πρωτείων.
And it seems to me that they naturally suffered this; for, being all of a ruling and freedom-loving nature, they fight continuously with one another, being unyielding regarding the first place.
§5.106.6Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ τῶν ἐκ Μακεδονίας φόβων ἀπελέλυντο καὶ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἔχειν ἐδόκουν ἤδη βεβαίως, §5.106.7χρώμενοι δὲ προστάταις Εὐρυκλείδᾳ καὶ Μικίωνι τῶν μὲν ἄλλων Ἑλληνικῶν πράξεων οὐδʼ ὁποίας μετεῖχον, ἀκολουθοῦντες δὲ τῇ τῶν προεστώτων αἱρέσει καὶ ταῖς τούτων ὁρμαῖς εἰς πάντας τοὺς βασιλεῖς ἐξεκέχυντο, καὶ μάλιστα τούτων εἰς Πτολεμαῖον, §5.106.8καὶ πᾶν γένος ὑπέμενον ψηφισμάτων καὶ κηρυγμάτων, βραχύν τινα λόγον ποιούμενοι τοῦ καθήκοντος διὰ τὴν τῶν προ
The Athenians, on their part, had been freed from their fears of Macedonia and thought they now held their freedom securely; but employing Eurycleides and Micion as their leaders, they took no part in any of the other Greek affairs, but following the choice and impulses of these men, they poured themselves out in adulation towards all the kings, and especially towards Ptolemy among them. And they submitted to every kind of decree and proclamation, making small account of their duty because of the... of their leaders. The Achaeans, as soon as they laid aside the war, having elected Timoxenus as their general, returned to their customary laws and ways of life; and at the same time as the Achaeans, the other cities throughout the Peloponnese recovered their private lives, cultivated their land, and renewed their ancestral sacrifices, festivals, and other religious customs established among each of them. For a state of almost complete forgetfulness concerning such matters had come to exist among most people due to the continuity of the preceding wars. For I know not how it is that the Peloponnesians, although having of all men the greatest natural affinity for a gentle and civilized life, have least of all enjoyed it, at least in earlier times, but rather, as Euripides says, were always "toil-worn and never at rest from the spear." And it seems to me that they naturally suffered this; for, being all of a ruling and freedom-loving nature, they fight continuously with one another, being unyielding regarding the first place. The Athenians, on their part, had been freed from their fears of Macedonia and thought they now held their freedom securely; but employing Eurycleides and Micion as their leaders, they took no part in any of the other Greek affairs, but following the choice and impulses of these men, they poured themselves out in adulation towards all the kings, and especially towards Ptolemy among them. And they submitted to every kind of decree and proclamation, making small account of their duty because of the... of their leaders.

Notes

  1. 5.106.1ὡς θᾶττον — Functions conjunctionally to mean "as soon as." It introduces a temporal clause, taking the indicative aorist verb `ἀπέθεντο`.
  2. 5.106.3ὡς ἂν εἰ — A comparative expression with the potential `ἄν` and conditional `εἰ`, meaning "as if." It modifies `σχεδόν` (almost) to express a figurative nuance: "almost as if a forgetfulness had occurred."
  3. 5.106.4τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων — Genitive of comparison or range depending on the superlative form `οἰκειότατα`, meaning "the most naturally suited among all other men."
  4. 5.106.7χρώμενοι δὲ προστάταις Εὐρυκλείδᾳ καὶ Μικίωνι — Participle of `χράομαι` (which governs the dative). `προστάταις` and the proper names `Εὐρυκλείδᾳ καὶ Μικίωνι` are in apposition, meaning "employing Eurycleides and Micion as leaders."

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §5.106.1-5.106.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.106.1-5.106.8

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