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Polybius · The Histories §4.19.1-4.19.13

Aetolian Retreat and the Responses of the Allies

Passage 296 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Aratus of the Achaeans seeks aid, while the Aetolians fail to capture Cleitor, burn Cynaetha, and retreat. Demetrius of Pharos attempts to support the Achaeans but is too late to intercept the Aetolians, whereas the Lacedaemonians send insufficient aid and Aratus remains overly cautious.

§4.19.1κατὰ δὲ τοὺς καιροὺς τούτους ὁ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν στρατηγὸς Ἄρατος ἐξαπέστειλε μὲν πρὸς Φίλιππον παρακαλῶν βοηθεῖν, συνῆγε δὲ τοὺς ἐπιλέκτους, μετεπέμπετο δὲ παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Μεσσηνίων τοὺς διατεταγμένους κατὰ τὰς ὁμολογίας.
At this time, Aratus, the general of the Achaeans, sent to Philip, urging him to bring aid, and was assembling the picked troops, and was summoning from the Lacedaemonians and Messenians those who had been assigned according to the treaties.
§4.19.2οἱ δʼ Αἰτωλοὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον παρεκάλουν τοὺς Κλειτορίους ἀποστάντας τῶν Ἀχαιῶν αἱρεῖσθαι τὴν πρὸς αὑτοὺς συμμαχίαν.
The Aetolians, at first, urged the Cleitorians to revolt from the Achaeans and choose an alliance with themselves.
§4.19.3τῶν δὲ Κλειτορίων ἁπλῶς οὐ προσιεμένων τοὺς λόγους, προσβολὰς ἐποιοῦντο, καὶ προσερείδοντες τὰς κλίμακας τοῖς τείχεσι κατεπείραζον τῆς πόλεως.
But as the Cleitorians absolutely would not admit their proposals, they made attacks, and applying their ladders to the walls, they made attempts on the city.
§4.19.4ἀμυνομένων δὲ γενναίως καὶ τολμηρῶς τῶν ἔνδον, εἴξαντες τοῖς πράγμασιν ἀνεστρατοπέδευσαν, καὶ προαγαγόντες αὖθις ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Κύναιθαν, ὅμως τὰ θρέμματα τῆς θεοῦ περισύραντες ἀπήγαγον.
Since those within defended themselves nobly and courageously, yielding to the circumstances, they broke camp, and having advanced again as if towards Cynaetha, they nevertheless plundered and carried off the cattle of the goddess.
§4.19.5καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον παρεδίδοσαν τοῖς Ἠλείοις τὴν Κύναιθαν· οὐ βουλομένων δὲ προσδέξασθαι τῶν Ἠλείων, ἐπεβάλοντο μὲν διʼ αὑτῶν κατέχειν τὴν πόλιν, στρατηγὸν ἐπιστήσαντες Εὐριπίδαν,
At first they offered Cynaetha to the Eleans; but as the Eleans did not wish to accept it, they undertook to hold the city by themselves, having appointed Euripidas as general.
§4.19.6μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πάλιν δείσαντες ἐκ τῶν προσαγγελλομένων τὴν ἐκ Μακεδονίας βοήθειαν, ἐμπρήσαντες τὴν πόλιν ἀπηλλάγησαν, καὶ προῆγον αὖτις ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ Ῥίον, ταύτῃ κρίνοντες ποιεῖσθαι τὴν διάβασιν.
But after this, fearing again from the reports the aid from Macedonia, they set fire to the city and departed, and advanced again as if towards Rhium, deciding to make their crossing there.
§4.19.7ὁ δὲ Ταυρίων, πυνθανόμενος τὴν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν εἰσβολὴν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Κύναιθαν πεπραγμένα, θεωρῶν δὲ τὸν Δημήτριον τὸν Φάριον ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων εἰς τὰς Κεγχρεὰς καταπεπλευκότα, παρεκάλει τοῦτον βοηθῆσαι τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ διισθμίσαντα τοὺς λέμβους ἐπιτίθεσθαι τῇ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν διαβάσει.
But Taurion, learning of the invasion of the Aetolians and what had been done around Cynaetha, and seeing that Demetrius of Pharos had sailed down from the islands to Cenchreae, urged him to aid the Achaeans, and, having dragged his light boats across the Isthmus, to attack the passage of the Aetolians.
§4.19.8ὁ δὲ Δημήτριος λυσιτελῆ μέν, οὐκ εὐσχήμονα δὲ πεποιημένος τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων ἐπάνοδον, διὰ τὸν τῶν Ῥοδίων ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἀνάπλουν, ἄσμενος ὑπήκουσε τῷ Ταυρίωνι, προσδεξαμένου ʼκείνου τὴν εἰς τὴν ὑπέρβασιν τῶν λέμβων δαπάνην.
Demetrius, having made his return from the islands lucrative but not honorable, because of the expedition of the Rhodians against him, gladly obeyed Taurion, as the latter undertook the expense for the transportation of the boats.
§4.19.9οὗτος μὲν οὖν ὑπερισθμίσας, καὶ δυσὶ καθυστερήσας ἡμέραις τῆς τῶν Αἰτωλῶν διαβάσεως, προκατασύρας τινὰς τόπους τῆς παραλίας τῆς τῶν Αἰτωλῶν κατήχθη πάλιν εἰς τὴν Κόρινθον.
So he, having dragged his boats across the Isthmus, but being two days too late for the crossing of the Aetolians, after first plundering some places on the coast of Aetolia, sailed back to Corinth.
§4.19.10Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ τὸ μὲν πέμπειν τὰς βοηθείας κατὰ τὴν διάταξιν ἐνεκάκησαν, βραχεῖς δέ τινας παντελῶς ἱππεῖς καὶ πεζούς, στοχαζόμενοι τοῦ δοκεῖν μόνον, ἐξέπεμψαν.
The Lacedaemonians shirked sending aid according to the arrangement, and sent out only a very few cavalry and infantry, aiming merely at saving appearances.
§4.19.11Ἄρατος δὲ τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἔχων πολιτικώτερον ἢ στρατηγικώτερον ὑπὲρ τῶν παρόντων ἐβουλεύσατο·
Aratus, commanding the Achaeans, deliberated about the present situation more like a politician than a general.
§4.19.12μέχρι γὰρ τούτου τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἦγε, προσανέχων καὶ μεμνημένος τῆς προγεγενημένης συμφορᾶς, ἕως οὗ πάντα διαπραξάμενοι κατὰ τὰς αὑτῶν προαιρέσεις οἱ περὶ τὸν Σκόπαν καὶ Δωρίμαχον ἐπανῆλθον εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν, καίπερ διὰ τόπων ποιούμενοι τὰς πορείας εὐεπιθέτων καὶ στενῶν καὶ μόνον σαλπιγκτοῦ δεομένων.
For up to this point he kept quiet, waiting and remembering the disaster that had occurred before, until Scopas and Dorimachus and their men, having accomplished everything according to their own designs, returned to their own land, although they made their march through places easy to attack and narrow, and requiring only a single trumpeter.
§4.19.13Κυναιθεῖς δὲ μεγάλοις ἀτυχήμασιν ὑπʼ Αἰτωλῶν καὶ μεγάλαις συμφοραῖς περιπεσόντες ὅμως πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἔδοξαν ἠτυχηκέναι δικαιότατα.
But the Cynaethians, although they fell into great misfortunes and great calamities at the hands of the Aetolians, nevertheless seemed of all men to have met with misfortune most justly.

Notes

  1. §4.19.5ἐπεβάλοντο — The middle voice of ἐπιβάλλω (ἐπιβάλλομαι) used with an infinitive (here κατέχειν) to mean 'to undertake' or 'to attempt' to do something.
  2. §4.19.8προσδεξαμένου ʼκείνου — Genitive absolute construction. The demonstrative pronoun ʼκείνου (apocope of ἐκείνου) refers to Taurion from the preceding sentence, serving as the subject of the participle προσδεξαμένου.
  3. §4.19.10τὸ μὲν πέμπειν ... ἐνεκάκησαν — The verb ἐγκακέω (to shirk, behave slackly) takes an articular infinitive phrase in the accusative (τὸ μὲν πέμπειν...) as its direct object, meaning 'to shirk or neglect the sending of...'.
  4. §4.19.12μόνον σαλπιγκτοῦ δεομένων — The participle δεομένων is used attributively to modify the noun τόπων governed by the preposition διὰ. The genitive σαλπιγκτοῦ is governed by the participle as required by the meaning of δέομαι ('to need').

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §4.19.1-4.19.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.19.1-4.19.13

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