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Polybius · The Histories §38.12.1-38.12.11

Expulsion of Metellus's Legates and Critolaus's Agitation

Passage 1293 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Metellus sends legates to Corinth in an attempt to reconcile the Achaeans, but the excited crowd drives them away. Critolaus exploits the situation by delivering anti-Roman speeches to inflame the masses, claiming external support.

§38.12.1ὁ δὲ Κόιντος ὁ Καικίλιος ἐν τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ τάδε πυνθανόμενος καὶ τὴν ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ γενομένην ἀκρισίαν καὶ ταραχὴν ἐξέπεμψε πρεσβευτὰς Γνάιον Παπείριον καὶ τὸν νεώτερον Ποπίλιον Λαινᾶτον, σὺν δὲ τούτοις Αὖλον Γαβίνιον καὶ Γάιον Φάννιον· §38.12.2οἳ καὶ συνηγμένων τῶν Ἀχαιῶν εἰς Κόρινθον, κατὰ τύχην ἐλθόντες εἰς τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν καὶ παραχθέντες εἰς τὰ πλήθη διετίθεντο πολλοὺς οὗτοι καὶ φιλανθρώπους λόγους παραπλησίους τοῖς περὶ τὸν Σέξτον, §38.12.3πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνύμενοι φιλοτιμίαν χάριν τοῦ μὴ προβῆναι τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς εἰς ὁλοσχερεστέραν ἀπέχθειαν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους μήτʼ ἐκ τῆς πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους προφάσεως μήτε διὰ τῆς πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐκείνους ἀλλοτριότητος.
Quintus Caecilius, on learning in Macedonia of these matters and of the confusion and disorder that had arisen in the Peloponnese, dispatched as legates Gnaeus Papirius and the younger Popilius Laenas, and with them Aulus Gabinius and Gaius Fannius; who, having arrived by chance at this very juncture when the Achaeans were assembled at Corinth, and being introduced to the multitudes, delivered many friendly speeches, similar to those of Sextus and his colleagues, showing every enthusiasm to prevent the Achaeans from proceeding to a more complete hostility toward the Romans, either on the pretext of their dispute with the Lacedaemonians or through alienation toward the Romans themselves.
§38.12.4ὧν οἱ μὲν πολλοὶ διακούοντες οὐδαμῶς ἀνείχοντο, χλευάζοντες δὲ τοὺς πρέσβεις μετὰ θορύβου καὶ κραυγῆς ἐξέβαλον.
The majority of them, however, could not bear to listen, but with noise and clamor mocked the legates and drove them out.
§38.12.5καὶ γὰρ συνηθροίσθη πλῆθος ἐργαστηριακῶν καὶ βαναύσων ἀνθρώπων ὅσον οὐδέποτε· πᾶσαι μὲν γὰρ ἐκορύζων αἱ πόλεις, πανδημεὶ δὲ καὶ μάλιστά πως ἡ τῶν Κορινθίων.
For there had assembled a larger crowd of artisans and laborers than ever before; indeed, all the cities were in a state of doting folly, and the Corinthian population especially so, with their whole community.
§38.12.6ὀλίγοις δέ τισι καὶ λίαν ἤρεσκε τὰ λεγόμενα διὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν.
Only a very few individuals were highly pleased with what was said by the legates.
§38.12.7ὁ δὲ Κριτόλαος, ὥσπερ κατʼ εὐχὴν ὑποθέσεως ἐπειλημμένος καὶ θεάτρου συνενθουσιῶντος καὶ παρεστηκότος ταῖς διανοίαις, κατανίστατο μὲν τῶν ἀρχόντων, διέσυρε δὲ τοὺς ἀντιπολιτευομένους, ἐνεπαρρησιάζετο δὲ τοῖς τῶν Ῥωμαίων πρεσβευταῖς, §38.12.8φάσκων βούλεσθαι μὲν Ῥωμαίων φίλος ὑπάρχειν, δεσπότας δʼ οὐκ ἂν εὐδοκῆσαι κτησάμενος.
But Critolaus, as if he had seized a topic that was answerable to his wishes and had before him an audience that was filled with enthusiastic frenzy and out of its mind, rose up against the magistrates, slandered his political opponents, and spoke with insolent freedom to the Roman legates, asserting that he wished to be a friend of the Romans, but would never consent to having them as masters.
καθόλου δὲ παρῄνει, §38.12.9λέγων ὡς, ἐὰν μὲν ἄνδρες ὦσιν, οὐκ ἀπορήσουσι συμμάχων, ἐὰν δʼ ἀνδρόγυνοι, κυρίων.
In general, he exhorted them, saying that if they were men, they would have no lack of allies, but if they were half-men, they would have no lack of masters.
§38.12.10καὶ πολλὰ δή τινα πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὑπόθεσιν ἐμπορεύων καὶ μεθοδευόμενος ἐκίνει καὶ παρώξυνε τοὺς ὄχλους.
And by employing and devising many such arguments directed to this theme, he stirred up and exasperated the crowds.
§38.12.11ἐποίει δʼ ἐμφάσεις καὶ περὶ τοῦ μὴ τυχόντως χρῆσθαι ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν βασιλέων τινὰς καὶ τῶν πολιτευμάτων ἔνια κοινωνεῖν αὐτῷ τῆς
He also insinuated that he was not acting at random in his undertakings, but that some of the kings and some of the states were sharing his hopes.

Notes

  1. §38.12.2οἳ — The relative pronoun οἵ is used connectively at the beginning of the clause to refer to the legates mentioned in the previous sentence. The following phrase συνηγμένων τῶν Ἀχαιῶν is a genitive absolute with a perfect participle.
  2. §38.12.5ἐκορύζων — Third-person plural imperfect of the verb κορυζάω (literally, "to run at the nose"). It is used here metaphorically to mean "to fall into doting folly" or "to be out of one's senses," agreeing in number with the plural subject αἱ πόλεις.
  3. §38.12.7ἐπειλημμένος — Perfect middle-passive participle of the verb ἐπιλαμβάνομαι ("to seize" or "to lay hold of"), governing the genitive noun ὑποθέσεως ("pretext" or "subject").
  4. §38.12.8οὐκ ἂν εὐδοκῆσαι κτησάμενος — The aorist participle κτησάμενος (from κτήομαι) functions as a conditional protasis ("if he should acquire"), which, in combination with the infinitive εὐδοκῆσαι with ἄν, represents a potential apodosis ("would not consent") in indirect discourse.
  5. §38.12.9ἐὰν δʼ ἀνδρόγυνοι, κυρίων — In contrast to the preceding clause ἐὰν μὲν ἄνδρες ὦσιν, οὐκ ἀπορήσουσι συμμάχων, the verb ὦσιν and the verb of the apodosis οὐκ ἀπορήσουσι are omitted in the second clause, which should be understood as: "but if they [should be] half-men, [they will have no lack] of masters."

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §38.12.1-38.12.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:38.12.1-38.12.11

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