§3.63.1τες ἐμακάριζον.
deemed them happy.
Ἀννίβας δὲ διὰ τῶν προειρημένων τὴν προκειμένην διάθεσιν ἐνεργασάμενος ταῖς τῶν δυνάμεων ψυχαῖς, §3.63.2μετὰ ταῦτα προελθὼν αὐτὸς τούτου χάριν ἔφη παρεισάγειν τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους, ἵνʼ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων συμπτωμάτων ἐναργῶς θεασάμενοι τὸ συμβαῖνον βέλτιον ὑπὲρ τῶν σφίσι παρόντων βουλεύωνται πραγμάτων.
Hannibal, having by the means described implanted this state of mind in the souls of his forces, after this came forward himself and said that he had brought the prisoners forward for this reason: so that, having clearly seen what happens in the case of others' misfortunes, they might better deliberate concerning their own present affairs.
§3.63.3εἰς παραπλήσιον γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἀγῶνα καὶ καιρὸν τὴν τύχην συγκεκλεικέναι καὶ παραπλήσια τοῖς νῦν ἆθλα προτεθεικέναι.
For fortune had shut them up into a similar contest and situation, and had set before them similar prizes to those now offered.
§3.63.4δεῖν γὰρ ἢ νικᾶν ἢ θνήσκειν ἢ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὑποχειρίους γενέσθαι ζῶντας.
For it was necessary either to conquer, or to die, or to fall alive into the hands of their enemies.
εἶναι δʼ ἐκ μὲν τοῦ νικᾶν ἆθλον οὐχ ἵππους καὶ σάγους, ἀλλὰ τὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων γενέσθαι μακαριωτάτους, κρατήσαντας τῆς Ῥωμαίων εὐδαιμονίας,
And the prize of victory was not horses and cloaks, but to become the most fortunate of all men by gaining mastery over the prosperity of the Romans.
§3.63.5ἐκ δὲ τοῦ μαχομένους τι παθεῖν, διαγωνιζομένους ἕως τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀναπνοῆς ὑπὲρ τῆς καλλίστης ἐλπίδος μεταλλάξαι τὸν βίον ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ, μηδενὸς κακοῦ λαβόντας πεῖραν, §3.63.6τοῖς δʼ ἡττωμένοις καὶ διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸ ζῆν ἐπιθυμίαν ὑπομένουσι φεύγειν ἢ κατʼ ἄλλον τινὰ τρόπον ἑλομένοις τὸ ζῆν παντὸς κακοῦ καὶ πάσης ἀτυχίας μετασχεῖν.
And in the case of suffering death while fighting, contending to their last breath for the most beautiful hope, to depart this life in the clash of hands, having experienced no evil; but for those who are defeated and, because of their desire to live, submit to flee, or choosing to live in any other way, to partake of every evil and every misfortune.
§3.63.7οὐδένα γὰρ οὕτως ἀλόγιστον οὐδὲ νωθρὸν αὐτῶν ὑπάρχειν, ὃς μνημονεύων μὲν τοῦ μήκους τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς διηνυσμένης ἐκ τῶν πατρίδων, μνημονεύων δὲ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν μεταξὺ πολεμίων, εἰδὼς δὲ τὰ μεγέθη τῶν ποταμῶν ὧν διεπέρασεν, ἐλπίσαι ποτʼ ἂν ὅτι φεύγων εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν ἀφίξεται.
For none of them was so thoughtless or sluggish as to hope, when remembering the length of the road accomplished from their homeland, remembering the multitude of enemies between them, and knowing the sizes of the rivers they had crossed, that he would ever reach his home by fleeing.
§3.63.8διόπερ ᾤετο δεῖν αὐτούς, ἀποκεκομμένης καθόλου τῆς τοιαύτης ἐλπίδος, τὴν αὐτὴν διάληψιν ποιεῖσθαι περὶ τῶν καθʼ αὑτοὺς πραγμάτων ἥνπερ ἀρτίως ἐποιοῦντο περὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων συμπτωμάτων.
Therefore he thought that, since such hope was entirely cut off, they ought to form the same judgment about their own affairs as they had just now formed about the misfortunes of others.
§3.63.9καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπʼ ἐκείνων τὸν μὲν νικήσαντα καὶ τεθνεῶτα πάντες ἐμακάριζον τοὺς δὲ ζῶντας ἠλέουν, οὕτως ᾤετο δεῖν καὶ περὶ τῶν καθʼ αὑτοὺς διαλαμβάνειν καὶ πάντας ἰέναι πρὸς τοὺς ἀγῶνας, μάλιστα μὲν νικήσοντας, ἂν δὲ μὴ τοῦτʼ ᾖ δυνατόν, ἀποθανουμένους.
For just as in those cases everyone deemed happy the one who had conquered and the one who had died, while they pitied the living, so he thought they should also judge about their own affairs and all go to the contests, preferably to conquer, but if that is not possible, to die.
§3.63.10τὴν δὲ τοῦ ζῆν ἡττημένους ἐλπίδα κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον ἠξίου λαμβάνειν ἐν νῷ.
And he demanded that they should by no means entertain in their minds the hope of living if defeated.
§3.63.11τούτῳ γὰρ χρησαμένων αὐτῶν τῷ λογισμῷ καὶ τῇ προθέσει ταύτῃ, καὶ τὸ νικᾶν ἅμα καὶ τὸ σῴζεσθαι προδήλως σφίσι συνεξακολουθήσειν.
For if they adopted this reasoning and this resolution, victory and safety would clearly follow them at the same time.
§3.63.12πάντας γὰρ τοὺς ἢ κατὰ προαίρεσιν ἢ κατʼ ἀνάγκην τοιαύτῃ προθέσει κεχρημένους οὐδέποτε διεψεῦσθαι τοῦ κρατεῖν τῶν ἀντιταξαμένων.
For all those who, whether by choice or by necessity, had adopted such a resolution, had never been disappointed in mastering those arrayed against them.
§3.63.13ὅταν δὲ δὴ καὶ τοῖς πολεμίοις συμβαίνῃ τὴν ἐναντίαν ἐλπίδα ταύτης ὑπάρχειν, ὃ νῦν ἐστι περὶ Ῥωμαίους, ὥστε φεύγουσι πρόδηλον εἶναι τοῖς πλείστοις τὴν σωτηρίαν, παρακειμένης αὐτοῖς τῆς οἰκείας, δῆλον ὡς ἀνυπόστατος γίνοιτʼ ἂν ἡ τῶν ἀπηλπικότων τόλμα.
But when indeed it also happens that the enemies have the opposite hope to this, which is now the case with the Romans—so that safety is clearly apparent to most of them if they flee, since their homeland is adjacent to them—it is clear how irresistible the daring of those who have despaired would become.
§3.63.14τῶν δὲ πολλῶν ἀποδεχομένων τό τε παράδειγμα καὶ τοὺς λόγους καὶ λαμβανόντων ὁρμὴν καὶ παράστασιν οἵαν ὁ παρακαλῶν ἐσπούδασε, τότε μὲν ἐπαινέσας αὐτοὺς διαφῆκε, τῇ δʼ ἐπαύριον ἀναζυγὴν ἅμα τῷ φωτὶ παρήγγειλε.
And when the multitude accepted both the example and his words, and conceived an impulse and state of mind such as the speaker had desired, he then praised them and dismissed them, and on the next day ordered them to break camp at daybreak.