§3.4.1εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν κατορθωμάτων ἢ καὶ τῶν ἐλαττωμάτων ἱκανὴν ἐνεδέχετο ποιήσασθαι τὴν διάληψιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψεκτῶν ἢ τοὐναντίον ἐπαινετῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ πολιτευμάτων, ἐνθάδε που λήγειν ἂν ἡμᾶς ἔδει καὶ καταστρέφειν ἅμα τὴν διήγησιν καὶ τὴν πραγματείαν ἐπὶ τὰς τελευταίας ῥηθείσας πράξεις κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πρόθεσιν.
If, therefore, from the successes themselves or also from the failures, it were possible to make a sufficient judgment concerning the men and states that are blameworthy or, on the contrary, praiseworthy, we should have had to stop somewhere here and wind up both our narrative and our treatise at the last-mentioned actions, according to our original plan.
§3.4.2ὅ τε γὰρ χρόνος ὁ πεντηκοντακαιτριετὴς εἰς ταῦτʼ ἔληγεν, ἥ τʼ αὔξησις καὶ προκοπὴ τῆς Ῥωμαίων δυναστείας ἐτετελείωτο· §3.4.3πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ὁμολογούμενον ἐδόκει τοῦτʼ εἶναι καὶ κατηναγκασμένον ἅπασιν ὅτι λοιπόν ἐστι Ῥωμαίων ἀκούειν καὶ τούτοις πειθαρχεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν παραγγελλομένων.
For the period of fifty-three years ended at these events, and the growth and progress of the Roman dominion had been completed; and in addition to these, this seemed to be agreed and forced upon all, that for the future it remains to obey the Romans and submit to their commands.
§3.4.4ἐπεὶ δʼ οὐκ αὐτοτελεῖς εἰσιν οὔτε περὶ τῶν κρατησάντων οὔτε περὶ τῶν ἐλαττωθέντων αἱ ψιλῶς ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ἀγωνισμάτων διαλήψεις, §3.4.5διὰ τὸ πολλοῖς μὲν τὰ μέγιστα δοκοῦντʼ εἶναι τῶν κατορθωμάτων, ὅταν μὴ δεόντως αὐτοῖς χρήσωνται, τὰς μεγίστας ἐπενηνοχέναι συμφοράς, οὐκ ὀλίγοις δὲ τὰς ἐκπληκτικωτάτας περιπετείας, ὅταν εὐγενῶς αὐτὰς ἀναδέξωνται, πολλάκις εἰς τὴν τοῦ συμφέροντος περιπεπτωκέναι μερίδα, §3.4.6προσθετέον ἂν εἴη ταῖς προειρημέναις πράξεσι τήν τε τῶν κρατούντων αἵρεσιν, ποία τις ἦν μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ πῶς προεστάτει τῶν ὅλων, τάς τε τῶν ἄλλων ἀποδοχὰς καὶ διαλήψεις, πόσαι καὶ τίνες ὑπῆρχον περὶ τῶν ἡγουμένων, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὰς ὁρμὰς καὶ τοὺς ζήλους ἐξηγητέον, τίνες παρʼ ἑκάστοις ἐπεκράτουν καὶ κατίσχυον περί τε τοὺς κατʼ ἰδίαν βίους καὶ τὰς κοινὰς πολιτείας.
But since bare judgments derived from the contests themselves are not self-sufficient, either concerning the conquerors or the conquered, because for many, what seem to be the greatest of successes, when they do not use them properly, have brought the greatest misfortunes, while for not a few, the most shocking reverses, when they bear them nobly, have often turned out to be beneficial, we must add to the aforementioned actions the general policy of the conquerors, what kind of policy it was subsequently and how they directed the whole, and also the acceptances and judgments of the others, how many and of what kind they were concerning the rulers; and in addition to these, we must explain the impulses and rivalries, which of them prevailed and were dominant among each of them in their private lives and public states.
§3.4.7δῆλον γὰρ ὡς ἐκ τούτων φανερὸν ἔσται τοῖς μὲν νῦν οὖσιν πότερα φευκτὴν ἢ τοὐναντίον αἱρετὴν εἶναι συμβαίνει τὴν Ῥωμαίων δυναστείαν, τοῖς δʼ ἐπιγενομένοις πότερον ἐπαινετὴν καὶ ζηλωτὴν ἢ ψεκτὴν γεγονέναι νομιστέον τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτῶν.
For it is clear that from these things it will become manifest to those now living whether the Roman dominion happens to be something to be avoided or, on the contrary, to be chosen, and to posterity whether their rule must be considered praiseworthy and to be emulated, or blameworthy.
§3.4.8τὸ γὰρ ὠφέλιμον τῆς ἡμετέρας ἱστορίας πρός τε τὸ παρὸν καὶ πρὸς τὸ μέλλον ἐν τούτῳ πλεῖστον κείσεται τῷ μέρει.
For the utility of our history for both the present and the future will lie mostly in this part.
§3.4.9οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτʼ εἶναι τέλος ὑποληπτέον ἐν πράγμασιν οὔτε τοῖς ἡγουμένοις οὔτε τοῖς ἀποφαινομένοις ὑπὲρ τούτων, τὸ νικῆσαι καὶ ποιήσασθαι πάντας ὑφʼ ἑαυτούς.
For indeed one must not suppose this to be the end in practical affairs, either for those who lead or for those who express opinions about them, namely, to conquer and to make all subject to themselves.
§3.4.10οὔτε γὰρ πολεμεῖ τοῖς πέλας οὐδεὶς νοῦν ἔχων ἕνεκεν αὐτοῦ τοῦ καταγωνίσασθαι τοὺς ἀντιταττομένους, οὔτε πλεῖ τὰ πελάγη χάριν τοῦ περαιωθῆναι μόνον, καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ τὰς ἐμπειρίας καὶ τέχνας αὐτῆς ἕνεκα τῆς ἐπιστήμης ἀναλαμβάνει·
For neither does anyone who has sense wage war against his neighbors for the sake of merely conquering his opponents, nor does anyone sail the seas for the sake of only crossing them; and indeed, neither does one acquire experiences and arts for the sake of knowledge itself.
§3.4.11πάντες δὲ πράττουσι πάντα χάριν τῶν ἐπιγινομένων τοῖς ἔργοις ἡδέων ἢ καλῶν ἢ συμφερόντων.
But all do everything for the sake of the pleasant, noble, or advantageous consequences of their actions.
§3.4.12διὸ καὶ τῆς πραγματείας ταύτης τοῦτʼ ἔσται τελεσιούργημα, τὸ γνῶναι τὴν κατάστασιν παρʼ ἑκάστοις, ποία τις ἦν μετὰ τὸ καταγωνισθῆναι τὰ ὅλα καὶ πεσεῖν εἰς τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐξουσίαν ἕως τῆς μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν ἐπιγενομένης ταραχῆς καὶ κινήσεως.
Therefore, the completion of this work also will be this: to know what the state of affairs was in each nation after the whole world had been conquered and had fallen under the power of the Romans, until the disturbance and movement that subsequently arose again.
§3.4.13ὑπὲρ ἧς διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ πράξεων καὶ τὸ παράδοξον τῶν συμβαινόντων, τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, διὰ τὸ τῶν πλείστων μὴ μόνον αὐτόπτης, ἀλλʼ ὧν μὲν συνεργὸς ὧν δὲ καὶ χειριστὴς γεγονέναι, προήχθην οἷον ἀρ
Concerning which, because of the magnitude of the actions in it and the unexpected nature of the events, and most of all, because of having been not only an eyewitness of most of them but also an associate in some and director in others, I was induced, as if to [make a beginning...]