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Polybius · The Histories §3.39.1-3.39.12

Carthaginian Domains and Distances of Hannibal's March

Passage 198 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Polybius explains the geographical extent of Libya and Iberia under Carthaginian control, and provides the detailed distances of each leg of Hannibal's march from Carthago Nova across the Alps into Italy.

§3.39.1διὰ τοῦ λόγου συνεπιδεικνυμένους.
...pointed out through the narrative.
ἀφέμενοι δὲ τούτων τρεψόμεθα πρὸς τὸ συνεχὲς τῆς προκειμένης ἡμῖν διηγήσεως.
But leaving these matters aside, we shall turn to the continuation of the narrative proposed to us.
§3.39.2Καρχηδόνιοι γὰρ ἐν τούτοις τοῖς καιροῖς τῆς μὲν Λιβύης ἐκυρίευον πάντων τῶν ἐπὶ τὴν ἔσω θάλατταν νευόντων μερῶν ἀπὸ τῶν Φιλαίνου βωμῶν, οἳ κεῖνται κατὰ τὴν μεγάλην Σύρτιν, ἕως ἐφʼ Ἡρακλέους στήλας.
For the Carthaginians at these times were masters of all the parts of Libya facing the inner sea from the Altars of Philaenus, which lie near the Great Syrtis, to the Pillars of Heracles.
§3.39.3τοῦτο δὲ τὸ μῆκός ἐστι τῆς παραλίας ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἑξακισχιλίους καὶ μυρίους σταδίους.
And this length of the coast is over sixteen thousand stades.
§3.39.4διαβάντες δὲ τὸν καθʼ Ἡρακλείους στήλας πόρον ὁμοίως ἐκεκρατήκεισαν καὶ τῆς Ἰβηρίας ἁπάσης ἕως τῆς ῥαχίας, ὃ πέρας ἐστὶ πρὸς τῇ καθʼ ἡμᾶς θαλάττῃ τῶν Πυρηναίων ὀρῶν, ἃ διορίζει τοὺς Ἴβηρας καὶ Κελτούς.
Having crossed the strait at the Pillars of Heracles, they had likewise made themselves masters of all Iberia as far as the rocky coast, which is the limit of the Pyrenees mountains on our sea, which divide the Iberians and the Celts.
§3.39.5ἀπέχει δὲ τοῦ καθʼ Ἡρακλείους στήλας στόματος οὗτος ὁ τόπος περὶ ὀκτακισχιλίους σταδίους.
This place is distant from the mouth of the Pillars of Heracles about eight thousand stades.
§3.39.6ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ Καινὴν πόλιν ἀπὸ στηλῶν εἶναι συμβαίνει τρισχιλίους, ὅθεν ἐποιεῖτο τὴν ὁρμὴν Ἀννίβας τὴν εἰς Ἰταλίαν· [τὴν δὲ Καινὴν πόλιν ἔνιοι Νέαν Καρχηδόνα καλοῦσιν]· ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης εἰσὶν ἐπὶ μὲν τὸν Ἴβηρα ποταμὸν ἑξακόσιοι στάδιοι πρὸς δισχιλίοις, §3.39.7ἀπὸ δὲ τούτου πάλιν εἰς Ἐμπόριον χίλιοι σὺν ἑξακοσίοις, ἀπὸ δʼ Ἐμπορίου πόλεως εἰς περὶ ἑξακοσίους, §3.39.8καὶ μὴν ἐντεῦθεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ διάβασιν περὶ χιλίους ἑξακοσίους· [ταῦτα γὰρ νῦν βεβημάτισται καὶ σεσημείωται κατὰ σταδίους ὀκτὼ διὰ Ῥωμαίων ἐπιμελῶς· §3.39.9] ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς διαβάσεως τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ πορευομένοις παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν ποταμὸν ὡς ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς ἕως πρὸς τὴν ἀναβολὴν τῶν Ἄλπεων τὴν εἰς Ἰταλίαν χίλιοι τετρακόσιοι.
For from the Pillars to New City, whence Hannibal made his start for Italy, it happens to be three thousand stades—[some call New City Carthago Nova]—and from this to the river Iberus there are two thousand six hundred stades, and from this again to Emporion one thousand six hundred, and from the city of Emporion to about six hundred, and indeed from there to the crossing of the Rhone about one thousand six hundred; [for these distances have now been carefully measured by the Romans and marked with milestones every eight stades; ] and from the crossing of the Rhone, for those traveling along the river itself towards its source as far as the ascent of the Alps to Italy, one thousand four hundred.
§3.39.10λοιπαὶ δʼ αἱ τῶν Ἄλπεων ὑπερβολαί, περὶ χιλίους διακοσίους· ἃς ὑπερβαλὼν ἔμελλεν ἥξειν εἰς τὰ περὶ τὸν Πάδον πεδία τῆς Ἰταλίας.
The remaining passage over the Alps is about one thousand two hundred; crossing which he was destined to arrive at the plains of Italy around the Po.
§3.39.11ὥστʼ εἶναι τοὺς πάντας ἐκ Καινῆς πόλεως σταδίους περὶ ἐννακισχιλίους, οὓς ἔδει διελθεῖν αὐτόν.
So that the total number of stades from New City which he had to traverse was about nine thousand.
§3.39.12τούτων δὴ τῶν τόπων κατὰ μὲν τὸ μῆκος ἤδη σχεδὸν τοὺς ἡμίσεις διεληλύθει, κατὰ δὲ τὴν δυσχέρειαν τὸ πλέον αὐτῷ μέρος ἀπελείπετο τῆς πορείας.
Of these regions, in terms of distance he had already traversed nearly half, but in terms of difficulty the greater part of his journey was still left for him.

Notes

  1. §3.39.1διὰ τοῦ λόγου συνεπιδεικνυμένους — This participle (middle-passive present participle, masculine accusative plural) is used attributively to modify 'ἐπὶ τοὺς τόπους ἀεὶ τοὺς' (always towards the places...) at the end of the previous chapter (§3.38.5), displaying a grammatical continuation across the chapter boundary. Literally, '[places] being pointed out at the same time through the narrative.'
  2. §3.39.4ὃ πέρας ἐστὶ — The relative pronoun 'ὃ' (neuter singular) has the preceding feminine noun 'τῆς ῥαχίας' (rocky coast) as its antecedent, but its gender has been attracted to that of the predicate noun within the relative clause, 'πέρας' (neuter singular).
  3. §3.39.7ἀπὸ δʼ Ἐμπορίου πόλεως εἰς περὶ ἑξακοσίους — A noun indicating the destination (such as the border of the Pyrenees) is omitted after the preposition 'εἰς'. From the overall context and the mention of the Pyrenees in §3.39.4, the missing term is understood to refer to the edge of the Pyrenees.
  4. §3.39.9πορευομένοις — The dative participle 'πορευομένοις' (for those traveling) is a dative of reference (or relation), used to describe distances from the perspective of an agent traversing the route.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §3.39.1-3.39.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.39.1-3.39.12

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