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Polybius · The Histories §2.59.1-2.59.10

Phylarchus's Account of the Death of Aristomachus

Passage 147 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Polybius criticizes Phylarchus's dramatic depiction and falsehoods regarding the death of Aristomachus, the tyrant of Argos, arguing that Aristomachus was a ruthless tyrant who deserved severe punishment for slaughtering innocent citizens.

§2.59.1πάλιν Ἀριστόμαχον τὸν Ἀργεῖόν φησιν, ἄνδρα τῆς ἐπιφανεστάτης οἰκίας ὑπάρχοντα καὶ τετυραννηκότα μὲν Ἀργείων, πεφυκότα δʼ ἐκ τυράννων, ὑποχείριον Ἀντιγόνῳ καὶ τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς γενόμενον εἰς Κεγχρεὰς ἀπαχθῆναι καὶ στρεβλούμενον ἀποθανεῖν, ἀδικώτατα καὶ δεινότατα παθόντα πάντων ἀνθρώπων.
Again, he says that Aristomachus the Argive, a man belonging to the most illustrious house and having been tyrant of the Argives, and born of tyrants, having fallen into the hands of Antigonus and the Achaeans, was carried away to Cenchreae and died under torture, having suffered the most unjust and terrible things of all mankind.
§2.59.2τηρῶν δὲ καὶ περὶ ταύτην τὴν πρᾶξιν ὁ συγγραφεὺς τὸ καθʼ αὑτὸν ἰδίωμα φωνάς τινας πλάττει διὰ τῆς νυκτὸς αὐτοῦ στρεβλουμένου προσπιπτούσας τοῖς σύνεγγυς κατοικοῦσιν, ὧν τοὺς μὲν ἐκπληττομένους τὴν ἀσέβειαν, τοὺς δʼ ἀπιστοῦντας, τοὺς δʼ ἀγανακτοῦντας ἐπὶ τοῖς γινομένοις προστρέχειν πρὸς τὴν οἰκίαν φησίν.
And maintaining his own peculiar style also regarding this event, the historian fabricates certain voices reaching those who lived nearby while he was being tortured during the night; of whom some, being struck with amazement at the impiety, others disbelieving, and others being indignant at what was happening, ran to the house, as he says.
§2.59.3περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς τοιαύτης τερατείας παρείσθω· δεδήλωται γὰρ ἀρκούντως.
Therefore, let such sensationalism be passed over; for it has been sufficiently demonstrated.
§2.59.4ἐγὼ δʼ Ἀριστόμαχον, εἰ καὶ μηδὲν εἰς τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἕτερον ἥμαρτεν, κατά γε τὴν τοῦ βίου προαίρεσιν καὶ τὴν εἰς πατρίδα παρανομίαν τῆς μεγίστης ἄξιον κρίνω τιμωρίας.
But I judge Aristomachus, even if he committed no other offense against the Achaeans, to be worthy of the greatest punishment at least on account of the deliberate choice of his life and his lawlessness against his own homeland.
§2.59.5καίπερ ὁ συγγραφεὺς βουλόμενος αὔξειν αὐτοῦ τὴν δόξαν καὶ παραστήσασθαι τοὺς ἀκούοντας εἰς τὸ μᾶλλον αὐτῷ συναγανακτεῖν ἐφʼ οἷς ἔπαθεν οὐ μόνον αὐτόν φησι γεγονέναι τύραννον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τυράννων πεφυκέναι.
Although the historian, wishing to magnify his reputation and to bring the hearers to be more indignant on his behalf at what he suffered, says not only that he himself became a tyrant, but also that he was born of tyrants.
§2.59.6ταύτης δὲ μείζω κατηγορίαν ἢ πικροτέραν οὐδʼ ἂν εἰπεῖν ῥᾳδίως δύναιτʼ οὐδείς.
And no one could easily state a greater or more bitter accusation than this.
αὐτὸ γὰρ τοὔνομα περιέχει τὴν ἀσεβεστάτην ἔμφασιν καὶ πάσας περιείληφε τὰς ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἀδικίας καὶ παρανομίας.
For the very name contains the most impious implication and encompasses all injustices and lawlessness among men.
§2.59.7Ἀριστόμαχος δʼ εἰ τὰς δεινοτάτας ὑπέμεινε τιμωρίας, ὡς οὗτός φησιν, ὅμως οὐχ ἱκανὴν ἔδωκεν δίκην μιᾶς ἡμέρας, §2.59.8ἐν ᾗ παρεισπεσόντος εἰς τὴν πόλιν Ἀράτου μετὰ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν καὶ μεγάλους ἀγῶνας καὶ κινδύνους ὑπομείναντος ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἀργείων ἐλευθερίας, τέλος δʼ ἐκπεσόντος διὰ τὸ μηδένα συγκινηθῆναι τῶν ἔσωθεν αὐτῷ ταξαμένων διὰ τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ τυράννου φόβον, §2.59.9Ἀριστόμαχος ἀφορμῇ ταύτῃ καὶ προφάσει χρησάμενος, ὥς τινων συνειδότων τὰ περὶ τὴν εἴσοδον τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, ὀγδοήκοντα τοὺς πρώτους τῶν πολιτῶν οὐδὲν ἀδικήσαντας στρεβλώσας ἐναντίον τῶν ἀναγκαίων κατέσφαξεν.
And even if Aristomachus endured the most terrible punishments, as this man says, nevertheless he did not pay a sufficient penalty for a single day, on which Aratus, having slipped into the city with the Achaeans and having endured great struggles and dangers for the freedom of the Argives, but finally having been driven out because none of those inside who had allied with him made a move on account of their fear of the tyrant, Aristomachus, using this opportunity and pretext, as if some were privy to the entrance of the Achaeans, tortured and slaughtered eighty of the leading citizens, who had done no wrong, in front of their relatives.
§2.59.10παρίημι τὰ παρʼ ὅλον τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ καὶ
I pass over the things during his whole life and...

Notes

  1. §2.59.1πάλιν Ἀριστόμαχον τὸν Ἀργεῖόν φησιν ... ἀπαχθῆναι καὶ στρεβλούμενον ἀποθανεῖν — An accusative with infinitive construction (indirect speech) governed by the main verb φησίν, with Aristomachus (Ἀριστόμαχον) as the subject. The infinitives ἀπαχθῆναι (to be carried away) and ἀποθανεῖν (to die) depend on it, presenting Phylarchus' narrative in indirect discourse.
  2. §2.59.2αὐτοῦ στρεβλουμένου — A genitive absolute construction. The pronoun αὐτοῦ refers to Aristomachus, and in combination with the present participle στρεβλουμένου, it indicates the temporal background ("while he was being tortured").
  3. §2.59.5καίπερ ὁ συγγραφεὺς βουλόμενος — The concessive conjunction καίπερ is joined with the participle βουλόμενος (wishing). Polybius highlights a bitter irony: although the historian intends to advocate for Aristomachus and elicit sympathy, he actually states the fact that he was "born of tyrants," which constitutes the gravest possible accusation (§2.59.6).
  4. §2.59.8ἐν ᾗ παρεισπεσόντος ... Ἀριστόμαχος ἀφορμῇ ταύτῃ ... κατέσφαξεν — Within the relative clause starting with ἐν ᾗ ("on which day") in §2.59.8, multiple genitive absolute constructions (παρεισπεσόντος ... ὑπομείναντος ... ἐκπεσόντος ... ) depicting Aratus' infiltration and retreat are nested. After this long interruption, §2.59.9 introduces the subject Ἀριστόμαχος, which governs the main verb of the clause, κατέσφαξεν (slaughtered), forming a highly complex hyperbaton.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §2.59.1-2.59.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.59.1-2.59.10

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