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Polybius · The Histories §2.42.1-2.42.7

Reasons for Recounting the Revival of the Achaean League

Passage 130 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Polybius explains that he traced back the history of the Achaean League to clarify how and by whom it was rebuilt, and to prove through historical facts that their policy always consistently aimed at liberty and common harmony, without seeking any private gain.

§2.42.1τίνος οὖν χάριν ἐπὶ τοὺς χρόνους τούτους ἀνέδραμον;
For what reason, then, did I retrace my steps to these times?
ἵνα πρῶτον μὲν γένηται συμφανὲς πῶς καὶ κατὰ ποίους καιροὺς καὶ τίνες πρῶτοι τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ἀχαιῶν αὖθις ἐποιήσαντο τὴν ἐπιβολὴν τῆς νῦν συστάσεως, §2.42.2δεύτερον δʼ ἵνα καὶ τὰ τῆς προαιρέσεως μὴ μόνον διὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀποφάσεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ διʼ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων πίστεως τυγχάνῃ, διότι μία τις ἀεὶ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν αἵρεσις ὑπῆρχε, §2.42.3καθʼ ἣν προτείνοντες μὲν τὴν παρʼ αὑτοῖς ἰσηγορίαν καὶ παρρησίαν, πολεμοῦντες δὲ καὶ καταγωνιζόμενοι συνεχῶς τοὺς ἢ διʼ αὑτῶν ἢ διὰ τῶν βασιλέων τὰς σφετέρας πατρίδας καταδουλουμένους, τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ καὶ ταύτῃ τῇ προθέσει τοῦτο τοὔργον ἐπετέλεσαν, τὰ μὲν διʼ αὑτῶν, τὰ δὲ καὶ διὰ τῶν συμμάχων.
First, that it might become clear how, and at what periods, and who among the original Achaeans first set about reconstructing the present league; and secondly, that their policy might obtain credit not only from my own statement, but also from the evidence of the facts themselves, because there always existed one and the same principle among the Achaeans, in accordance with which, while holding out their own equality of rights and freedom of speech, and continuously fighting and struggling against those who, either by themselves or through the kings, were enslaving their respective homelands, they accomplished this work in this manner and with this purpose, partly by themselves and partly through their allies.
§2.42.4καὶ γὰρ τὰ διʼ ἐκείνων συνεργήματα γεγονότα πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ μέρος ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς χρόνοις ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν προαίρεσιν ἀνοιστέον.
For indeed, the assistance rendered through them towards this object in the succeeding times must be attributed to the policy of the Achaeans.
§2.42.5πολλοῖς γὰρ κοινωνήσαντες πραγμάτων, πλείστων δὲ καὶ καλλίστων Ῥωμαίοις οὐδέποτε τὸ παράπαν ἐπεθύμησαν ἐκ τῶν κατορθωμάτων οὐδενὸς ἰδίᾳ λυσιτελοῦς, §2.42.6ἀλλʼ ἀντὶ πάσης τῆς ἑαυτῶν φιλοτιμίας, ἣν παρείχοντο τοῖς συμμάχοις, ἀντικατηλλάττοντο τὴν ἑκάστων ἐλευθερίαν καὶ τὴν κοινὴν ὁμόνοιαν Πελοποννησίων.
For though they shared in many undertakings, and the most numerous and glorious with the Romans, they never at all desired any private advantage from their successes; but in exchange for all the zeal they displayed on behalf of their allies, they demanded in return the freedom of each and the common harmony of the Peloponnesians.
§2.42.7σαφέστερον δʼ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἔσται διαλαμβάνειν ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν περὶ τὰς πράξεις ἐνεργημάτων.
But these matters will be more clearly understood from the actual accomplishments in their history.

Notes

  1. §2.42.1ἀνέδραμον — Aorist of the verb ἀνατρέχω (to run back/retrace). Morphologically, it can be either first-person singular or third-person plural. In this context, where the historian Polybius is explaining his own narrative backtracking to the origins of the Achaean League, it must be interpreted as the first-person singular ('I retraced').
  2. §2.42.4ἀνοιστέον — Verbal adjective of the verb ἀναφέρω (to refer/attribute), expressing necessity or obligation ('must be referred'). Although the grammatical subject is the neuter plural noun τὰ συνεργήματα (the assistances), the verbal adjective is used in its impersonal neuter singular form.
  3. §2.42.5Ῥωμαίοις — Dative of the person, governed by the participle κοινωνήσαντες (having shared/participated). It is combined with the genitive of the thing, here understood as πλείστων δὲ καὶ καλλίστων [πραγμάτων] (the most numerous and finest undertakings), meaning 'having shared in undertakings with the Romans'.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §2.42.1-2.42.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.42.1-2.42.7

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