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Polybius · The Histories §2.26.1-2.26.8

Relief by Aemilius and the Celtic Decision to Retreat

Passage 114 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The Roman general Lucius Aemilius arrives to rescue the stranded forces on the hill. Meanwhile, the Celtic king Aneroëstes proposes to retreat with their massive booty to secure it before renewing their campaign, and Aemilius decides to pursue them cautiously.

§2.26.1κατὰ δὲ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον Λεύκιος Αἰμίλιος ὁ προκαθήμενος ἐπὶ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Ἀδρίαν τόπων ἀκούσας τοὺς Κελτοὺς διὰ Τυρρηνίας ἐμβεβληκότας συνεγγίζειν τῇ Ῥώμῃ, παρῆν βοηθῶν κατὰ σπουδὴν εὐτυχῶς εἰς δέοντα καιρόν.
At this very time, Lucius Aemilius, who was stationed in front in the districts along the Adriatic, having heard that the Celts had invaded through Etruria and were drawing near to Rome, arrived in haste to bring help, fortunately at the very moment of need.
§2.26.2καταστρατοπεδεύσαντος δʼ αὐτοῦ σύνεγγυς τῶν πολεμίων, κατιδόντες τὰ πυρὰ καὶ νοήσαντες τὸ γεγονὸς οἱ συμπεφευγότες ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον ταχέως ἀναθαρρήσαντες ἐξαπέστειλαν αὑτῶν τινας τῆς νυκτὸς ἀνόπλους διὰ τῆς ὕλης ἀναγγελοῦντας τῷ στρατηγῷ τὸ συμβεβηκός.
When he had encamped close to the enemy, those who had fled to the hill, seeing the fires and understanding what had happened, quickly took courage and sent some of their number unarmed through the woods by night to report what had occurred to the general.
§2.26.3ὁ δὲ διακούσας καὶ θεωρῶν οὐδὲ διαβούλιον αὑτῷ καταλειπόμενον ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐνεστώτων, τοῖς μὲν χιλιάρχοις ἅμα τῷ φωτὶ παρήγγειλε τοὺς πεζοὺς ἐξάγειν, αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἀναλαβὼν καθηγεῖτο τῆς δυνάμεως, ποιούμενος τὴν πορείαν ἐπὶ τὸν προειρημένον βουνόν.
Having heard the details and seeing that no room even for deliberation was left to him concerning the present situation, he ordered the military tribunes to lead out the infantry at daybreak, while he himself, taking the cavalry, led the force and marched towards the aforementioned hill.
§2.26.4οἱ δὲ τῶν Γαλατῶν ἡγεμόνες ἀφορῶντες τὰ πυρὰ τῆς νυκτὸς καὶ συλλογιζόμενοι τὴν παρουσίαν τῶν πολεμίων συνήδρευον.
Meanwhile, the leaders of the Gauls, looking at the fires during the night and calculating the presence of the enemy, held a council.
§2.26.5οἷς Ἀνηροέστης ὁ βασιλεὺς γνώμην εἰσέφερε λέγων ὅτι δεῖ τοσαύτης λείας ἐγκρατεῖς γεγονότας — ἦν γάρ, ὡς ἔοικε, καὶ τὸ τῶν σωμάτων καὶ θρεμμάτων πλῆθος, ἔτι δὲ τῆς ἀποσκευῆς ἧς εἶχον, ἀμύθητον — §2.26.6διόπερ ἔφη δεῖν μὴ κινδυνεύειν ἔτι μηδὲ παραβάλλεσθαι τοῖς ὅλοις, ἀλλʼ εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν ἀδεῶς ἐπανάγειν· ταῦτα δʼ ἀποσκευασαμένους καὶ γενομένους εὐζώνους αὖθις ἐγχειρεῖν ὁλοσχερῶς, ἐὰν δοκῇ, τοῖς Ῥωμαίων πράγμασιν.
To them King Aneroëstes proposed his opinion, saying that since they had made themselves masters of so much booty—for indeed, the quantity of captives and cattle, and also of the baggage they had, was, as it seemed, unspeakable— therefore, he said, they ought not to run any further risk nor hazard their all, but return without fear to their own country; and having secured this baggage and made themselves light-armed, they should again, if it seemed good, make a general attack upon the affairs of the Romans.
§2.26.7δόξαντος δὲ σφίσι κατὰ τὴν Ἀνηροέστου γνώμην χρήσασθαι τοῖς παροῦσιν, οὗτοι μὲν τῆς νυκτὸς ταῦτα βουλευσάμενοι, πρὸ φωτὸς ἀναζεύξαντες προῆγον παρὰ θάλατταν διὰ τῆς Τυρρηνῶν χώρας.
Since it seemed good to them to deal with the present situation according to the opinion of Aneroëstes, having resolved on this during the night, they broke camp before daybreak and advanced along the coast through the country of the Etruscans.
§2.26.8ὁ δὲ Λεύκιος ἀναλαβὼν ἐκ τοῦ βουνοῦ τὸ διασῳζόμενον τοῦ στρατοπέδου μέρος ἅμα ταῖς ἰδίαις δυνάμεσι τὸ μὲν διακινδυνεύειν ἐκ παρατάξεως οὐδαμῶς ἔκρινε συμφέρειν, ἐπιτηρεῖν δὲ μᾶλλον καιροὺς καὶ τόπους εὐφυεῖς ἑπόμενος, ἐάν πού τι βλάψαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἢ τῆς λείας ἀποσπάσαι δυνηθῇ.
Lucius, however, having recovered from the hill that part of the army which had survived, together with his own forces, decided that it was by no means advantageous to risk a general engagement in a pitched battle, but rather to watch for favorable times and places, following them to see if he could anywhere inflict some damage on the enemy or snatch away some of the booty.

Notes

  1. 2.26.2καταστρατοπεδεύσαντος δʼ αὐτοῦ — A genitive absolute construction indicating a prior action (pitching camp) by Lucius Aemilius (αὐτοῦ), which is distinct from the subject of the main clause (οἱ συμπεφευγότες).
  2. 2.26.3θεωρῶν οὐδὲ διαβούλιον αὑτῷ καταλειπόμενον — A participial construction in indirect discourse after θεωρῶν (seeing that...), where the noun διαβούλιον (room for deliberation) and its agreeing participle καταλειπόμενον (being left) are in the accusative case.
  3. 2.26.5ὅτι δεῖ τοσαύτης λείας ἐγκρατεῖς γεγονότας — The accusative plural γεγονότας (having become) acts as the subject of the infinitives depending on the impersonal verb δεῖ (such as κινδυνεύειν in 2.26.6). It is accompanied by the adjective ἐγκρατεῖς, which governs the genitive τοσαύτης λείας.
  4. 2.26.7δόξαντος δὲ σφίσι — A genitive absolute construction with the aorist participle of δοκέω in the neuter singular (δόξαντος) used impersonally. The subject is the following infinitive phrase (χρήσασθαι τοῖς παροῦσιν), meaning 'since it seemed good to them to deal with the present situation'.
  5. 2.26.8ἐάν πού τι βλάψαι ... δυνηθῇ — A conditional clause introduced by ἐάν with the subjunctive δυνηθῇ, here functioning virtually as an indirect question expressing the purpose, trial, or expectation of the subject ('to see if he could...').

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §2.26.1-2.26.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.26.1-2.26.8

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