§18.28.1ἀπέβη τὸ τέλος·
Such was the end.
ἐγὼ δὲ κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἕκτην βύβλον ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ καταλιπὼν ὅτι λαβὼν τὸν ἁρμόζοντα καιρὸν σύγκρισιν ποιήσομαι τοῦ καθοπλισμοῦ Ῥωμαίων καὶ Μακεδόνων, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τῆς συντάξεως τῆς ἑκατέρων, τί διαφέρουσιν ἀλλήλων πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον καὶ τί πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον, νῦν ἐπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν πράξεων πειράσομαι τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν ἐπὶ τέλος ἀγαγεῖν.
But having left a promise in my sixth book that, when I found a fitting opportunity, I would make a comparison between the equipment of the Romans and the Macedonians, and likewise between the tactical formations of both, showing in what respects they differ from each other for the worse and in what for the better, I will now attempt on the basis of the facts themselves to bring my promise to fulfillment.
§18.28.2ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἡ μὲν Μακεδόνων σύνταξις ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τοῦ χρόνοις, διʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων διδοῦσα τὴν πεῖραν, ἐκράτει τῶν τε κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν συντάξεων, ἡ δὲ Ῥωμαίων τῶν τε κατὰ τὴν Λιβύην καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην προσεσπερίων ἐθνῶν ἁπάντων, §18.28.3ἐν δὲ τοῖς καθʼ ἡμᾶς καιροῖς οὐχ ἅπαξ, ἀλλὰ πλεονάκις γέγονε τούτων τῶν τάξεων καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους διάκρισις, §18.28.4χρήσιμον καὶ καλὸν ἂν εἴη τὸ τὴν διαφορὰν ἐρευνῆσαι, καὶ παρὰ τί συμβαίνει Ῥωμαίους ἐπικρατεῖν καὶ τὸ πρωτεῖον ἐκφέρεσθαι τῶν κατὰ πόλεμον ἀγώνων, §18.28.5ἵνα μὴ τύχην λέγοντες μόνον μακαρίζωμεν τοὺς κρατοῦντας ἀλόγως, καθάπερ οἱ μάταιοι τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλʼ εἰδότες τὰς ἀληθεῖς αἰτίας ἐπαινῶμεν καὶ θαυμάζωμεν κατὰ λόγον τοὺς ἡγουμένους.
For while the Macedonian formation in former times, proving its value by actual experience, was victorious over the formations of Asia and Greece, and that of the Romans was victorious over those of Libya and all the western nations of Europe, and since in our own times these formations and these men have been brought into conflict with one another not once but on many occasions, it would be useful and worthy of interest to investigate their differences, and owing to what reason it happens that the Romans prevail and carry off the prize in the struggles of war, in order that we may not, like thoughtless people, foolishly congratulate the victors by attributing everything to fortune, but, knowing the true causes, may praise and admire their leaders in accordance with reason.
§18.28.6περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν πρὸς Ἀννίβαν ἀγώνων γεγονότων Ῥωμαίοις καὶ τῶν ἐν τούτοις ἐλαττωμάτων οὐδὲν ἂν δέοι πλείω λέγειν· οὐ γὰρ παρὰ τὸν καθοπλισμὸν οὐδὲ παρὰ τὴν σύνταξιν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὴν ἐπιδεξιότητα τὴν Ἀννίβου καὶ τὴν ἀγχίνοιαν περιέπιπτον τοῖς ἐλαττώμασι.
Now, regarding the struggles of the Romans against Hannibal and their setbacks in them, there is no need to say more; for it was not owing to their equipment or their formation, but to the skill and sagacity of Hannibal that they met with these defeats.
§18.28.7δῆλον δὲ τοῦτο πεποιήκαμεν ἡμεῖς ἐπʼ αὐτῶν ὑποδεικνύοντες τῶν ἀγώνων.
And this we have made clear by showing it in the course of describing the battles themselves.
§18.28.8μαρτυρεῖ δὲ τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις πρῶτον μὲν τὸ τέλος τοῦ πολέμου· προσγενομένου γὰρ στρατηγοῦ τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις παραπλησίαν δύναμιν ἔχοντος Ἀννίβᾳ, ταχέως καὶ τὸ νικᾶν συνεξηκολούθησε τοῖς προειρημένοις·
Our words are testified to, first, by the end of the war; for as soon as a general was opposed to Hannibal who possessed a capacity similar to his, victory quickly followed the aforementioned Romans.
§18.28.9εἶτα καὶ αὐτὸς Ἀννίβας ἀποδοκιμάσας τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτοῖς ὑπάρχοντα καθοπλισμόν, ἅμα τῷ νικῆσαι τῇ πρώτῃ μάχῃ παραχρῆμα τοῖς Ῥωμαίων ὅπλοις καθοπλίσας τὰς οἰκείας δυνάμεις, τούτοις διετέλεσε χρώμενος τὸν ἑξῆς χρόνον.
Secondly, Hannibal himself, rejecting the equipment which they had from the beginning, immediately after winning the first battle armed his own forces with Roman weapons, and continued to use these for the subsequent time.
§18.28.10Πύρρος γε μὴν οὐ μόνον ὅπλοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ δυνάμεσιν Ἰταλικαῖς συγκέχρηται, τιθεὶς ἐναλλὰξ σημαίαν καὶ σπεῖραν φαλαγγιτικὴν ἐν τοῖς πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἀγῶσιν.
Indeed, Pyrrhus used not only Italian weapons but also Italian troops, placing alternately a cohort and a phalanx division in his battles against the Romans.
§18.28.11ἀλλʼ ὅμως οὐδʼ οὕτως ἐδύνατο νικᾶν, ἀλλʼ ἀεί πως ἀμφίδοξα τὰ τέλη τῶν κινδύνων αὐτοῖς ἀπέβαινε.
But nevertheless, not even so was he able to win, but the results of their conflicts always turned out somehow or other undecided.
§18.28.12περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων ἀναγκαῖον ἦν προειπεῖν χάριν τοῦ μηδὲν ἀντεμφαίνειν ταῖς ἡμετέραις ἀποφάσεσιν· ἐπάνειμι δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν προκειμένην σύγκρισιν.
Regarding these matters, then, it was necessary to speak beforehand, so that nothing might appear to contradict our assertions; but I will now return to the proposed comparison.