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Polybius · The Histories §16.1.1-16.1.9

Philip V's Attack on Pergamum and Sacrilege

Passage 849 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

King Philip V of Macedon fails to capture Pergamum and, in his rage, thoroughly destroys its temples and sanctuaries. His subsequent attempts at plundering the surrounding regions also fail, and he receives only hollow cooperation from Zeuxis.

§16.1.1ὅτι Φίλιππος ὁ βασιλεὺς παραγενόμενος εἰς τὸ Πέργαμον καὶ νομίζων οἷον αὐτόχειρ Ἀττάλου γενέσθαι πᾶσαν αἰκίαν ἐναπεδείκνυτο.
King Philip, having arrived at Pergamum and thinking that he could, as it were, personally lay hands on Attalus, displayed every kind of outrage.
§16.1.2χαριζόμενος γὰρ οἷον εἰ λυττῶντι τῷ θυμῷ, τὸ πλεῖον τῆς ὀργῆς οὐκ εἰς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἀλλʼ εἰς τοὺς θεοὺς διετίθετο.
For, giving way to his anger as if it were raging like madness, he directed the greater part of his wrath not against men, but against the gods.
§16.1.3κατὰ μὲν γὰρ τοὺς ἀκροβολισμοὺς εὐχερῶς αὐτὸν ἀπήρυκον διὰ τὰς τῶν τόπων ὀχυρότητας οἱ τὸ Πέργαμον παραφυλάττοντες· ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς χώρας οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖτο τῷ προνενοῆσθαι τὸν Ἄτταλον ὑπὲρ τούτων ἐπιμελῶς.
Indeed, in the skirmishes, those guarding Pergamum easily repulsed him because of the strength of the positions; and from the countryside he derived no benefit, owing to Attalus having beforehand taken careful precautions in regard to these matters.
§16.1.4λοιπὸν εἰς τὰ τῶν θεῶν ἕδη καὶ τεμένη διετίθετο τὴν ὀργήν, ὑβρίζων οὐκ Ἄτταλον, ὥς γʼ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον ἑαυτόν.
Consequently, he directed his rage against the temples and sanctuaries of the gods, insulting, as it seems to me at least, not Attalus, but far more himself.
§16.1.5οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἐνεπίμπρα καὶ κατασπῶν ἐρρίπτει τοὺς νεὼς καὶ τοὺς βωμούς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς λίθους ἔθραυε πρὸς τὸ μηδὲ πάλιν ἀνασταθῆναι μηδὲν τῶν κατεφθαρμένων.
For he not only set fire to and threw down the temples and altars, but also broke the stones to pieces, so that none of the destroyed structures could ever be raised again.
§16.1.6ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ Νικηφόριον ἐλυμήνατο, τὸ μὲν ἄλσος ἐκτεμών, τὸν δὲ περίβολον διαρρίψας, τούς τε ναοὺς ἐκ θεμελίων ἀνέσκαψε, πολλοὺς καὶ πολυτελεῖς ὑπάρχοντας, §16.1.7ὥρμησε τὰς μὲν ἀρχὰς ἐπὶ Θυατείρων· ἐκεῖθεν δὲ ποιησάμενος τὴν ἀναζυγὴν εἰς τὸ Θήβης πεδίον εἰσέβαλε, νομίζων εὐπορήσειν λείας μάλιστα περὶ τούτους τοὺς τόπους.
After he had ruined the Nicephorium, cutting down the grove, tearing down the wall of the enclosure, and digging up from their foundations the temples, which were many and magnificent, he set out at first for Thyatira; and from there, making his departure, he invaded the Plain of Thebe, thinking that he would find an abundance of plunder especially in these parts.
§16.1.8ἀποπεσὼν δὲ καὶ ταύτης τῆς ἐλπίδος, καὶ παραγενόμενος εἰς Ἱερὰν κώμην, διεπέμπετο πρὸς Ζεῦξιν, παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν σῖτον χορηγῆσαι καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ συμπράττειν κατὰ τὰς συνθήκας.
But being disappointed in this hope as well, and having arrived at Hiera Kome, he sent messages to Zeuxis, calling upon him to supply grain and to co-operate in other matters according to the treaty.
§16.1.9ὁ δὲ Ζεῦξις ὑπεκρίνετο μὲν ποιεῖν τὰ κατὰ τὰς συνθήκας, οὐκ ἐβούλετο δὲ σωματοποιεῖν ἀληθινῶς τὸν Φίλιππον. —
Zeuxis, on his part, pretended to act according to the treaty, but he had no wish to give real strength to Philip.

Notes

  1. 16.1.1οἷον αὐτόχειρ Ἀττάλου γενέσθαι — Since the logical subject of the infinitive is identical to the subject of the main clause (Φίλιππος), the adjective αὐτόχειρ is in the nominative case. The genitive Ἀττάλου is governed by αὐτόχειρ ('one who personally lays hands on').
  2. 16.1.2οἷον εἰ λυττῶντι — The conjunctional phrase οἷον εἰ ('as if') modifies the participle λυττῶντι ('raging'), forming a figurative comparison. This participle agrees in gender, number, and case with τῷ θυμῷ, the dative complement of χαριζόμενος.
  3. 16.1.3τῷ προνενοῆσθαι τὸν Ἄτταλον — The dative of the articular infinitive without a preposition (τῷ + infinitive) expresses cause. The accusative τὸν Ἄτταλον serves as the subject of the perfect middle-passive infinitive προνενοῆσθαι.
  4. 16.1.9σωματοποιεῖν — A verb highly characteristic of Polybius. While it literally means 'to give body to' or 'to materialize', it is used here metaphorically to mean 'to give substantial strength' or 'to reinforce the power of'.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §16.1.1-16.1.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.1.1-16.1.9

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