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Polybius · The Histories §12.26b.1-12.26b.5

Critique of Timaeus's Excessive Glorification of Sicily

Passage 778 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Polybius cites the pragmatic reply of the Greeks at Corinth to Gelon's demand for command in exchange for aid, and criticizes the historian Timaeus for his excessive exaggeration in glorifying Sicily and its people, comparing his efforts to the paradoxical exercises of young school rhetoricians.

§12.26b.1ὅτι Γέλωνος ἐπαγγελλομένου τοῖς Ἕλλησι δισμυρίοις πεζοῖς, διακοσίαις δὲ ναυσὶ καταφράκτοις βοηθήσειν, ἐὰν αὐτῷ τῆς ἡγεμονίας ἢ τῆς κατὰ γῆν ἢ τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν παραχωρήσωσι, φασὶ τοὺς προκαθημένους ἐν Κορίνθῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων πραγματικώτατον ἀπόκριμα δοῦναι τοῖς παρὰ τοῦ Γέλωνος πρεσβευταῖς·
That when Gelon promised to help the Greeks with twenty thousand infantry and two hundred decked ships, on the condition that they should yield to him the command either by land or by sea, they say that the leading men of the Greeks assembled at Corinth gave a most businesslike answer to the ambassadors from Gelon.
§12.26b.2ἐκέλευον γὰρ ὡς ἐπίκουρον ἔρχεσθαι τὸν Γέλωνα μετὰ τῶν δυνάμεων, τὴν δʼ ἡγεμονίαν ἀνάγκῃ τὰ πράγματα περιθήσειν τοῖς ἀρίστοις τῶν ἀνδρῶν·
For they bade Gelon come with his forces as an ally, but as for the command, circumstances would of necessity bestow it upon the best men.
§12.26b.3τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶν οὐ καταφευγόντων ἐπὶ τὰς Συρακοσίων ἐλπίδας, ἀλλὰ πιστευόντων αὑτοῖς καὶ προκαλουμένων τὸν βουλόμενον ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς ἀνδρείας ἀγῶνα καὶ τὸν περὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς στέφανον.
And this is the part of men who do not fly for refuge to the hopes held out by the Syracusans, but who trust in themselves and challenge anyone who wishes to a contest of courage and for the crown of virtue.
§12.26b.4ἀλλʼ ὅμως Τίμαιος εἰς ἕκαστα τῶν προειρημένων τοσούτους ἐκτείνει λόγους καὶ τοιαύτην ποιεῖται σπουδὴν περὶ τοῦ τὴν μὲν Σικελίαν μεγαλομερεστέραν ποιῆσαι τῆς συμπάσης Ἑλλάδος, τὰς δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ πράξεις ἐπιφανεστέρας καὶ καλλίους τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἄλλην οἰκουμένην, τῶν δʼ ἀνδρῶν τῶν μὲν σοφίᾳ διενηνοχότων σοφωτάτους τοὺς ἐν Σικελίᾳ, τῶν δὲ πραγματικῶν ἡγεμονικωτάτους καὶ θειοτάτους τοὺς ἐκ Συρακουσῶν, §12.26b.5ὥστε μὴ καταλιπεῖν ὑπερβολὴν τοῖς μειρακίοις τοῖς ἐν ταῖς διατριβαῖς καὶ τοῖς περιπάτοις πρὸς τὰς παραδόξους ἐπιχειρήσεις, ὅταν ἢ Θερσίτου λέγειν ἐγκώμιον ἢ Πηνελόπης πρόθωνται ψόγον ἤ τινος ἑτέρου τῶν τοιούτων.
But nevertheless, Timaeus expatiates at such length on each of the aforementioned points, and displays such eagerness to make Sicily appear grander than the whole of Greece, and its achievements more illustrious and beautiful than those in the rest of the inhabited world, and of those men who have excelled in wisdom, to make the ones in Sicily the wisest, and of practical men, those from Syracuse the most capable of command and most divine, that he leaves no room for surpassing to the young men in the schools and the walks in their paradoxical attempts, when they propose to speak an encomium of Thersites or a censure of Penelope, or any other such theme.

Notes

  1. 12.26b.1ὅτι — The introductory ὅτι at the beginning of the section is typical of Byzantine epitomes. The main verb of the report is φασὶ, with the ὅτι serving to introduce the excerpted statement.
  2. 12.26b.2τὰ πράγματα περιθήσειν — The subject of the infinitive περιθήσειν is the accusative neuter plural τὰ πράγματα (circumstances, the course of events). The command (τὴν ἡγεμονίαν) will be bestowed upon the best men not by arbitrary decision, but by the necessity of actual events.
  3. 12.26b.3οὐ καταφευγόντων — The genitive participles καταφευγόντων (and the subsequent πιστευόντων and προκαλουμένων) function as a predicate genitive (genitive of characteristic) with ἐστίν. The construction indicates "this is not the part (or characteristic) of men who fly for refuge..."
  4. 12.26b.4τοσούτους ... ὥστε — The demonstratives τοσούτους and τοιαύτην in §12.26b.4 correlate with the consecutive conjunction ὥστε in §12.26b.5. This correlative structure frames the criticism of Timaeus's extreme exaggeration, comparing it to the paradoxical rhetorical exercises (such as praising Thersites) of schoolboys.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §12.26b.1-12.26b.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:12.26b.1-12.26b.5

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