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Polybius · The Histories §12.12b.1-12.12b.3

Timaeus's Inconsistency on Callisthenes and Orators

Passage 752 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Polybius points out the inconsistency of the historian Timaeus, who justified the punishment of Callisthenes for flattering Alexander and promoting his deification, while praising Demosthenes and other orators for opposing those same divine honors.

§12.12b.1κατηγορεῖν καὶ θειασμὸν διασύρειν τῶν ὀνειρωττόντων καὶ δαιμονώντων ἐν τοῖς ὑπομνήμασιν· ὅσοι γε μὴν αὐτοὶ πολλὴν τῆς τοιαύτης ἐμπεποίηνται φλυαρίας, τοὺς τοιούτους ἀγαπᾶν ἂν δέοι μὴ τυγχάνοντας κατηγορίας, μηδʼ ὅτι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτοὺς κατατρέχειν· ὃ συμβέβηκε περὶ Τίμαιον.
To accuse and ridicule in one's memoirs the superstition of those who dream dreams and are possessed by demons is easy; but as for those who themselves have produced much of such nonsense, it would be proper for such people to be content with not being accused themselves, let alone that they should attack others; which is what has happened in the case of Timaeus.
§12.12b.2ἐκεῖνος γὰρ κόλακα μὲν εἶναί φησι τὸν Καλλισθένην τοιαῦτα γράφοντα καὶ πλεῖστον ἀπέχειν φιλοσοφίας, κόρδαξί τε προσέχοντα καὶ κορυβαντιώσαις γυναιξί· δικαίως δʼ αὐτὸν ὑπʼ Ἀλεξάνδρου τετευχέναι τιμωρίας διεφθαρκότα τὴν ἐκείνου ψυχὴν καθʼ ὅσον οἷός τʼ ἦν·
For he says that Callisthenes, in writing such things, was a flatterer and was very far from philosophy, devoting himself to the kordax dance and to Corybantic women; and that he justly met with punishment at the hands of Alexander, having corrupted his soul as far as he was able.
§12.12b.3καὶ Δημοσθένην μὲν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ῥήτορας τοὺς κατʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν ἀκμάσαντας ἐπαινεῖ καί φησι τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀξίους γεγονέναι, διότι ταῖς Ἀλεξάνδρου τιμαῖς ταῖς ἰσοθέοις ἀντέλεγον, τὸν δὲ φιλόσοφον αἰγίδα καὶ κεραυνὸν περιθέντα θνητῇ φύσει δικαίως αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου τετευχέναι τούτων ὧν ἔτυχεν. —
And Demosthenes and the other orators who flourished at that time he praises, and says that they proved worthy of Greece, because they spoke against the god-like honors for Alexander; but as for the philosopher, because he invested a mortal nature with the aegis and the thunderbolt, he justly met with those things which befell him at the hands of the divine power.

Notes

  1. §12.12b.1κατηγορεῖν καὶ θειασμὸν διασύρειν — The infinitives at the beginning of the sentence are best understood either as subject infinitives with an omitted main clause such as "it is easy" (ῥᾴδιόν ἐστι), or as continuing the syntax from the preceding lost context.
  2. §12.12b.1μηδʼ ὅτι — An elliptical idiomatic expression (equivalent to μὴ ὅτι) meaning "let alone that" or "not to speak of." Here, followed by the accusative subject αὐτούς and the infinitive κατατρέχειν, it expresses strong rejection: "let alone that they should attack others."
  3. §12.12b.3τούτων ὧν ἔτυχεν — An instance of relative attraction, where the relative pronoun ὧν (which would logically be accusative ἅ as the object of ἔτυχεν) is attracted to the genitive case of its antecedent τούτων, or simply both are in the genitive governed by the verb τυγχάνω.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §12.12b.1-12.12b.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:12.12b.1-12.12b.3

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