Humanitext Reader

Polybius · The Histories §11.8.1-11.8.7

Criticism of Achaean Generals for Neglecting Military Arts

Passage 704 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Polybius criticizes the Achaean generals for being completely ignorant of the three methods of military study (writings, instruction, and practice), neglecting weapons while indulging in extravagant dress and retinues.

§11.8.1ὅτι τριῶν ὄντων τρόπων, καθʼ οὓς ἐφίενται πάντες στρατηγίας οἱ κατὰ λόγον αὐτῇ προσιόντες, πρώτου. μὲν διὰ τῶν ὑπομνημάτων καὶ τῆς ἐκ τούτων κατασκευῆς, §11.8.2ἑτέρου δὲ τοῦ μεθοδικοῦ καὶ τῆς παρὰ τῶν ἐμπείρων ἀνδρῶν παραδόσεως, τρίτου δὲ τοῦ διὰ τῆς ἐπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων ἕξεως καὶ τριβῆς, §11.8.3πάντων ἦσαν τούτων ἀνεννόητοι οἱ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν στρατηγοὶ ἁπλῶς. — §11.8.4τοῖς γὰρ πλείστοις ὑπεγεγόνει τις ζῆλος οὐκ εὐτυχὴς ἐκ τῆς τῶν ἄλλων ἀλαζονείας καὶ τῆς ἀκαιρίας· §11.8.5ἐσπούδαζον γὰρ τὰς ἀκολουθίας καὶ τὰς ἐσθῆτας διαφερόντως, καί τις ἦν περὶ τοὺς πλείστους καλλωπισμός, ὑπερέχων τὴν ἐκ τοῦ βίου χορηγίαν.
That while there are three ways in which all who approach the office of general in a rational manner pursue it, the first being through military memoirs and the theoretical preparation derived from them, the second through systematic instruction and the tradition handed down by experienced men, and the third through the habit and practice acquired in actual affairs themselves, the generals of the Achaeans were absolutely ignorant of all these. — For in most of them there had arisen an unfortunate rivalry, springing from the ostentation and untimeliness of others; for they made an extraordinary display of eagerness for retinues and dress, and there was in most of them a personal adornment exceeding their means of livelihood.
ὅπλων δʼ οὐδὲ τὸν ἐλάχιστον ἐποιοῦντο λόγον.
But of weapons they made not the slightest account.
§11.8.6§11.8.7οἱ γὰρ πολλοὶ τὰ μὲν ἔργα τῶν εὐτυχούντων οὐδὲ πειρῶνται μιμεῖσθαι, τὰ δὲ πάρεργα ζηλοῦντες μετὰ βλάβης ἐκθεατρίζουσι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀκρισίαν. —
— For most men do not even attempt to imitate the real deeds of successful people, but by rivaling their secondary matters to their own detriment, they display their own lack of judgment to the world. —

Notes

  1. 11.8.1τριῶν ὄντων τρόπων — Genitive absolute construction, presenting the background condition without direct grammatical connection to the main subject of the sentence.
  2. 11.8.1οἱ κατὰ λόγον αὐτῇ προσιόντες — αὐτῇ is a feminine singular dative pronoun referring to the preceding noun στρατηγίας, functioning as the complement of the participle προσιόντες.
  3. 11.8.3πάντων ἦσαν τούτων ἀνεννόητοι — The adjective ἀνεννόητοι (ignorant) governs the genitive of deprivation, here the genitive plural neuter demonstrative πάντων τοῦτων.
  4. 11.8.4ὑπεγεγόνει — Third-person singular pluperfect indicative active of ὑπογίγνομαι (to arise secretly), agreeing with the singular subject ζῆλος, denoting a state already developed.
  5. 11.8.7τὰ δὲ πάρεργα ζηλοῦντες — In the contrastive μέν... δέ... structure, the essential deeds (τὰ μὲν ἔργα) are contrasted with the secondary matters (τὰ δὲ πάρεργα), where the participle ζηλοῦντες expresses means or circumstance.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §11.8.1-11.8.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.8.1-11.8.7

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.