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Polybius · The Histories §1.88.1-1.88.12

End of the Mercenary War and Rome's Seizure of Sardinia

Passage 88 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Following the Carthaginian victory, the remaining rebellious regions and cities of Libya surrender, bringing the Mercenary War to an end. Meanwhile, Rome takes advantage of Carthage's weakened state to seize Sardinia and extort a large monetary tribute under the threat of war.

§1.88.1τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄλλα μέρη τῆς Λιβύης μετὰ τὴν μάχην εὐθέως ὑπήκουσε τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις· §1.88.2ἡ δὲ τῶν Ἱππακριτῶν καὶ τῶν Ἰτυκαίων πόλις ἔμενον, οὐδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν ἔχουσαι πρὸς διάλυσιν διὰ τὸ μὴ καταλείπεσθαι σφίσι τόπον ἐλέους μηδὲ συγγνώμης κατὰ τὰς πρώτας ἐπιβολάς.
Thus the other parts of Libya immediately submitted to the Carthaginians after the battle; but the cities of Hippacritae and Utica persisted, having no ground for a treaty of peace, because they had left themselves no room for mercy or pardon in their initial undertakings.
§1.88.3οὕτως καὶ κατὰ ταύτας τὰς ἁμαρτίας μεγάλην ἔχει διαφορὰν ἡ μετριότης καὶ τὸ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον ἐπιτηδεύειν ἑκουσίως.
Thus, even in such errors, moderation and refraining from voluntarily committing any irremediable outrage make a very great difference.
§1.88.4οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ παραστρατοπεδεύσαντες ᾗ μὲν Ἄννων ᾗ δὲ Βάρκας ταχέως ἠνάγκασαν αὐτοὺς ὁμολογίας ποιήσασθαι καὶ διαλύσεις εὐδοκουμένας Καρχηδονίοις.
Nevertheless, Hanno on one side and Barca on the other, having encamped around them, quickly forced them to make terms and treaties agreeable to the Carthaginians.
§1.88.5ὁ μὲν οὖν Λιβυκὸς πόλεμος εἰς τοιαύτην ἀγαγὼν περίστασιν Καρχηδονίους τοιοῦτον ἔσχε τὸ τέλος ὥστε μὴ μόνον κυριεῦσαι πάλιν τῆς Λιβύης τοὺς Καρχηδονίους, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς αἰτίους τῆς ἀποστάσεως τιμωρήσασθαι καταξίως· §1.88.6τὸ γὰρ πέρας, ἀγαγόντες οἱ νέοι τὸν θρίαμβον διὰ τῆς πόλεως πᾶσαν αἰκίαν ἐναπεδείξαντο τοῖς περὶ τὸν Μάθω.
The Libyan War, then, having brought the Carthaginians into such great danger, had such an end that the Carthaginians not only regained mastery over Libya, but also punished the authors of the revolt as they deserved; for at the end, the young men, having led the triumphal procession through the city, inflicted every kind of torture and mutilation upon Mathos and his followers.
§1.88.7τρία μὲν οὖν ἔτη καὶ τέτταράς που μῆνας ἐπολέμησαν οἱ μισθοφόροι πρὸς τοὺς Καρχηδονίους πόλεμον, ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν ἀκοῇ μαθόντες, πολύ τι τοὺς ἄλλους ὠμότητι καὶ παρανομίᾳ διενηνοχότα.
Thus the mercenaries waged war against the Carthaginians for about three years and four months—a war which, of all those we know by report, far surpassed others in cruelty and lawlessness.
§1.88.8Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκ τῆς Σαρδόνος αὐτομολησάντων μισθοφόρων πρὸς σφᾶς ἐκκληθέντες ἐπεβάλοντο πλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν προειρημένην νῆσον.
At this same time, the Romans, having been invited by the mercenaries who had deserted to them from Sardinia, undertook to sail to the aforementioned island.
τῶν δὲ Καρχηδονίων ἀγανακτούντων, §1.88.9ὡς αὐτοῖς καθηκούσης μᾶλλον τῆς τῶν Σαρδῴων δυναστείας, καὶ παρασκευαζομένων μεταπορεύεσθαι τοὺς ἀποστήσαντας αὐτῶν τὴν νῆσον, §1.88.10λαβόμενοι τῆς ἀφορμῆς ταύτης οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι πόλεμον ἐψηφίσαντο πρὸς τοὺς Καρχηδονίους, φάσκοντες αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐπὶ Σαρδονίους, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ σφᾶς ποιεῖσθαι τὴν παρασκευήν.
When the Carthaginians were indignant, claiming that the sovereignty of Sardinia belonged rather to themselves, and were preparing to punish those who had caused the island to revolt from them, the Romans, seizing this pretext, voted for war against the Carthaginians, alleging that they were making their preparations not against the Sardinians, but against themselves.
§1.88.11οἱ δὲ παραδόξως διαπεφευγότες τὸν προειρημένον πόλεμον, κατὰ πάντα τρόπον ἀφυῶς διακείμενοι κατὰ τὸ παρὸν πρὸς τὸ πάλιν ἀναλαμβάνειν τὴν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἀπέχθειαν, §1.88.12εἴξαντες τοῖς καιροῖς οὐ μόνον ἀπέστησαν τῆς Σαρδόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ χίλια τάλαντα καὶ διακόσια προσέθηκαν τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἐφʼ ᾧ μὴ κατὰ τὸ παρὸν ἀναδέξασθαι τὸν πόλεμον.
The Carthaginians, who had unexpectedly survived the aforementioned war, were at present in every way unfit to resume their hostility with the Romans; yielding to the circumstances, they not only gave up Sardinia, but also added twelve hundred talents to the Romans, on condition of not undertaking the war at present.
ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως ἐπράχθη.
These events were thus transacted.

Notes

  1. §1.88.2ἡ δὲ τῶν Ἱππακριτῶν καὶ τῶν Ἰτυκαίων πόλις ἔμενον, οὐδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν ἔχουσαι — Although the subject "ἡ ... πόλις" is grammatically singular, it takes the plural verb "ἔμενον" and the plural feminine participle "ἔχουσαι". This is a classic example of constructio ad sensum (agreement according to sense), where the grammatical singular referring to two cities (and their inhabitants) is treated as plural in meaning.
  2. §1.88.7ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν ἀκοῇ μαθόντες — The antecedent of the relative pronoun ὧν (genitive plural neuter) is omitted, representing "wars" (πόλεμοι) from the context. It functions as a partitive genitive in relation to the subsequent comparison (πολύ τι τοὺς ἄλλους ... διενηνοχότα), meaning "of the wars which we know by report...". Additionally, the verb "ἴσμεν" takes the supplementary participle "μαθόντες" to mean "we know having learned".
  3. §1.88.9ὡς αὐτοῖς καθηκούσης μᾶλλον τῆς τῶν Σαρδῴων δυναστείας — This is a genitive absolute construction (καθηκούσης ... τῆς ... δυναστείας) introduced by the particle "ὡς", which expresses the subjective reason or allegation of the agent (in this case, the Carthaginians). "αὐτοῖς" (dative plural) refers back to the Carthaginians themselves.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.88.1-1.88.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.88.1-1.88.12

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