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Polybius · The Histories §1.79.1-1.79.14

Mercenary Revolt in Sardinia and Plots of Mathos

Passage 79 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Describes how the mercenaries in Sardinia rebelled against Carthage, briefly ruled the island, and were eventually expelled, followed by the plot of Mathos and others in Africa to incite the masses through new impieties.

§1.79.1κατὰ δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς καιροὺς οἱ τὴν Σαρδόνα [τὴν νῆσον] παραφυλάττοντες τῶν μισθοφόρων, ζηλώσαντες τοὺς περὶ τὸν Μάθω καὶ Σπένδιον, ἐπιτίθενται τοῖς ἐν τῇ νήσῳ Καρχηδονίοις. §1.79.2καὶ τὸν μὲν τότε παρʼ αὐτοῖς ὄντα βοήθαρχον Βώσταρον συγκλείσαντες εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν μετὰ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ πολιτῶν ἀπέκτειναν. §1.79.3αὖθις δὲ τῶν Καρχηδονίων στρατηγὸν ἐξαποστειλάντων μετὰ δυνάμεως Ἄννωνα, κἄπειτα καὶ τούτων τῶν δυνάμεων ἐγκαταλιπουσῶν τὸν Ἄννωνα καὶ μεταθεμένων πρὸς σφᾶς, §1.79.4γενόμενοι ζωγρίᾳ κύριοι τοῦ προειρημένου, παραυτίκα τοῦτον μὲν ἀνεσταύρωσαν, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα παρηλλαγμένας ἐπινοοῦντες τιμωρίας πάντας τοὺς ἐν τῇ νήσῳ Καρχηδονίους στρεβλοῦντες ἀπέκτειναν· §1.79.5καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη ποιησάμενοι τὰς πόλεις ὑφʼ ἑαυτοὺς εἶχον ἐγκρατῶς τὴν νῆσον, ἕως οὗ στασιάσαντες πρὸς τοὺς Σαρδονίους ἐξέπεσον ὑπʼ ἐκείνων εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν. §1.79.6ἡ μὲν οὖν Σαρδὼ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ἀπηλλοτριώθη Καρχηδονίων, νῆσος καὶ τῷ μεγέθει καὶ τῇ πολυανθρωπίᾳ καὶ τοῖς γεννήμασι διαφέρουσα. §1.79.7τῷ δὲ πολλοὺς καὶ πολὺν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς πεποιῆσθαι λόγον οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον ἡγούμεθʼ εἶναι ταυτολογεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν ὁμολογουμένων. §1.79.8Μάθως δὲ καὶ Σπένδιος, ἅμα δὲ τούτοις Αὐτάριτος ὁ Γαλάτης ὑπιδόμενοι τὴν Ἀμίλκου φιλανθρωπίαν εἰς τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους καὶ φοβηθέντες μὴ τῷ τοιούτῳ τρόπῳ ψυχαγωγηθέντες ὁρμήσωσι πρὸς τὴν ὑποδεικνυμένην ἀσφάλειαν οἵ τε Λίβυες καὶ τὸ τῶν μισθοφόρων πλῆθος, ἐβουλεύοντο πῶς ἂν καινοτομήσαντές τι τῶν πρὸς ἀσέβειαν εἰς τέλος ἀποθηριώσειαν τὰ πλήθη πρὸς τοὺς Καρχηδονίους. §1.79.9ἔδοξεν οὖν αὐτοῖς συναθροῖσαι τοὺς πολλούς.
At about the same time, those of the mercenaries who were guarding Sardinia [the island], emulating Mathos and Spendius, attacked the Carthaginians on the island. And having shut up Bostar, who was then their military commander among them, into the citadel along with his fellow citizens, they killed him. And when the Carthaginians again sent out Hanno as general with a force, and then these forces too deserted Hanno and went over to them, becoming masters of the aforementioned by capture, they immediately crucified him, and after this, devising extraordinary punishments, they tortured and killed all the Carthaginians on the island. And henceforth, having made the cities subject to themselves, they held the island securely, until they revolted against the Sardinians and were driven out by them into Italy. Thus Sardinia was alienated from the Carthaginians, an island outstanding both in size, population, and products. But because many have spoken at great length about it, we think it is not necessary to repeat what is universally agreed upon. But Mathos and Spendius, and with them Autaritus the Gaul, suspecting Hamilcar's humanity toward the prisoners, and fearing lest, won over in this manner, both the Libyans and the mass of the mercenaries should rush toward the safety offered to them, deliberated how they might, by introducing some new outrage against religion, utterly brutalize the masses against the Carthaginians. They decided therefore to assemble the multitude.
γενομένου δὲ τούτου γραμματοφόρον εἰσήγαγον, ὡς ἀπεσταλμένον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκ τῆς Σαρδόνος αἱρετιστῶν. §1.79.10ἡ δʼ ἐπιστολὴ διεσάφει τόν τε Γέσκωνα καὶ τοὺς μετʼ αὐτοῦ πάντας, οὓς παρεσπόνδησαν ἐν τῷ Τύνητι, καθάπερ ἐπάνω προεῖπον, φυλάττειν ἐπιμελῶς, ὡς πραττόντων τινῶν ἐκ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις ὑπὲρ τῆς τούτων σωτηρίας. §1.79.11λαβόμενος δὲ τῆς ἀφορμῆς ταύτης ὁ Σπένδιος πρῶτον μὲν παρεκάλει μὴ πιστεύειν τὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ τοῦ τῶν Καρχηδονίων γεγενημένην φιλανθρωπίαν πρὸς τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους· §1.79.12οὐ γὰρ σῶσαι προαιρούμενον αὐτὸν ταῦτα βεβουλεῦσθαι περὶ τῶν ἁλόντων, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς ἐκείνων ἀφέσεως ἡμῶν ἐγκρατῆ γενέσθαι σπουδάζοντα, πρὸς τὸ μὴ τινὰς ἀλλὰ πάντας ἡμᾶς ἅμα τιμωρήσασθαι πιστεύσαντας αὐτῷ. §1.79.13πρὸς δὲ τούτοις φυλάττεσθαι παρῄνει μὴ προέμενοι τοὺς περὶ τὸν Γέσκωνα καταφρονηθῶσι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν, μεγάλα δὲ βλάψωσι τὰς ἰδίας πράξεις, ἄνδρα τοιοῦτον καὶ στρατηγὸν ἀγαθὸν ἐάσαντες διαφυγεῖν, ὃν εἰκὸς ἐχθρὸν αὐτοῖς ἔσεσθαι φοβερώτατον. §1.79.14ἔτι δὲ ταῦτα λέγοντος αὐτοῦ παρῆν ἄλλος γραμματοφόρος, ὡς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Τύνητος ἀπεσταλμένος, παρα
When this was done, they introduced a letter-carrier, supposedly sent by those who chose the same cause in Sardinia. The letter declared that they should guard Gesco and all those with him, whom they had treacherously seized in Tunis, as I mentioned above, with great care, as some in the camp were plotting with the Carthaginians for their safety. Spendius, taking hold of this pretext, first exhorted them not to trust the humanity shown by the general of the Carthaginians toward the prisoners; for he said that he had not decided on these measures concerning the captives with the intention of saving them, but was eager to get us into his power through their release, so as to punish not just some but all of us together when we have trusted him. In addition to this, he advised them to be on their guard lest, by giving up Gesco and his men, they should be despised by their enemies and greatly damage their own prospects, by letting such a man and a good general escape, who was likely to be their most formidable enemy. While he was still saying these things, another letter-carrier arrived, as if sent from those in Tunis, conveying similar...

Notes

  1. 1.79.3τῶν Καρχηδονίων στρατηγὸν ἐξαποστειλάντων... κἄπειτα καὶ τούτων τῶν δυνάμεων ἐγκαταλιπουσῶν... — Two genitive absolute constructions (tōn Karchedoniōn... exaposteilantōn and toutōn tōn dynameōn egkatalipousōn... kai metathemenōn) are placed in succession. The subject of the second, toutōn tōn dynameōn, refers back to the dynamis which was the object of the first.
  2. 1.79.7τῷ δὲ πολλοὺς καὶ πολὺν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς πεποιῆσθαι λόγον — An articular infinitive in the dative case (tōi) without a preposition, functioning as a dative of cause ('because...'). pollyous acts as the subject accusative of the infinitive pepoiēsthai.
  3. 1.79.8πῶς ἂν... ἀποθηριώσειαν — A construction of ἄν with the optative (apothēriōseian) introduced by the interrogative πῶς, forming an indirect question of method expressing potentiality ('how they might...').

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.79.1-1.79.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.79.1-1.79.14

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