Polybius · The Histories §1.66.1-1.66.12
Return of the Mercenaries and Their Removal to Sicca
Summary
Although the Carthaginian general Gescon attempted to transport the mercenaries from Sicily in stages, the Carthaginian government detained them in the city due to financial difficulties and hopes of negotiation. Fearing social disorder, the government forced the mercenaries to move to Sicca with their baggage, where the idle soldiers began to demand inflated pay and breed discontent.
§1.66.1ὡς γὰρ θᾶττον ἐπιτελεσθεισῶν τῶν προειρημένων διαλύσεων ἀποκατέστησε τὰς περὶ τὸν Ἔρυκα δυνάμεις εἰς τὸ Λιλύβαιον ὁ Βάρκας, εὐθέως αὐτὸς μὲν ἀπέθετο τὴν ἀρχήν, ὁ δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως στρατηγὸς Γέσκων ἐγίνετο περὶ τὸ περαιοῦν τοὺς στρατιώτας εἰς τὴν Λιβύην.
As soon as the aforementioned treaties were concluded, Barcas withdrew the forces around Eryx to Lilybaeum, and immediately resigned his command; on the other hand, Gescon, the general in charge of the city, applied himself to transporting the soldiers to Libya.
§1.66.2προϊδόμενος δὲ τὸ μέλλον ἐμφρόνως ἐνεβίβαζε κατὰ μέρη διαιρῶν αὐτοὺς καὶ διαλείμματα ποιῶν τῆς ἐξαποστολῆς, §1.66.3βουλόμενος ἀναστροφὴν διδόναι τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις εἰς τὸ τοὺς καταπλεύσαντας καὶ μισθοδοτηθέντας τὰ προσοφειλόμενα τῶν ὀψωνίων φθάνειν ἀπαλλαττομένους ἐκ τῆς Καρχηδόνος εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν πρὶν ἢ τοὺς ἑξῆς περαιουμένους ἐπικαταλαβεῖν.
Foreseeing the future, he wisely embarked them in detachments, dividing them into groups and leaving intervals between their departures, wishing to give the Carthaginians a breathing space, so that those who had landed and received their pay might have time to depart from Carthage to their own homes before those who were next transported caught up with them.
§1.66.4ὁ μὲν οὖν Γέσκων ἐχόμενος ταύτης τῆς ἐννοίας οὕτως ἐχείριζε τὰ κατὰ τὴν ἐξαποστολήν.
Gescon, then, holding this view, managed the transport in this manner.
§1.66.5οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι τὰ μὲν οὐκ εὐπορούμενοι χρημάτων διὰ τὰς προγεγενημένας δαπάνας, τὰ δὲ καὶ πεπεισμένοι παραιτήσεσθαι τοὺς μισθοφόρους μέρος τι τῶν προσοφειλομένων ὀψωνίων, ἐὰν καὶ συναθροίσωσι καὶ δέξωνται πάντας εἰς τὴν Καρχηδόνα, παρακατεῖχον ἐκεῖ τοὺς καταπλέοντας διὰ ταύτην τὴν ἐλπίδα καὶ συνεῖχον ἐν τῇ πόλει.
But the Carthaginians, partly because they were not well supplied with money due to their past expenses, and partly because they were convinced that if they collected and received all of them into Carthage, they could persuade the mercenaries to remit a portion of the pay still due to them, kept those who landed there for this reason and detained them in the city.
§1.66.6γινομένων δὲ πλειόνων ἀδικημάτων καὶ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὑπιδόμενοι τὸν ὄχλον καὶ τὴν συμβαίνουσαν ἀκρασίαν ἠξίωσαν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας, ἕως ἂν ἑτοιμασθῇ μὲν τὰ κατὰ τὰς σιταρχίας αὐτοῖς, προσδέξωνται δὲ τοὺς ἀπολειπομένους, ἀναχωρῆσαι πάντας εἴς τινα πόλιν τὴν προσαγορευομένην Σίκκαν, λαβόντας εἰς τὰ κατεπείγοντα χρυσοῦν ἕκαστον.
As many outrages were committed both by night and by day, the Carthaginians, at first suspicious of the crowd and the prevailing lawlessness, requested the commanders that, until the grain supplies were prepared for them and they received those who had been left behind, they should all withdraw to a city called Sicca, receiving each a gold piece for their immediate needs.
§1.66.7προθύμως δὲ συνυπακουσάντων πρὸς τὴν ἔξοδον καὶ βουλομένων αὐτοῦ καταλιπεῖν τὰς ἀποσκευάς, καθάπερ καὶ τὸν πρῶτον χρόνον ὑπῆρχον, ὡς θᾶττον ἐσομένης τῆς ἐπανόδου πρὸς τοὺς ὀψωνιασμούς, §1.66.8ἀγωνιῶντες οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι μή ποτε διὰ χρόνου παραγεγονότες, καὶ τινὲς μὲν τέκνων ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ γυναικῶν ἱμείροντες, οἱ μὲν οὐκ ἐκπορευθῶσι τὸ παράπαν, οἱ δʼ ἐκπορευθέντες αὖθις ἀνακάμπτωσι πρὸς ταῦτα, καὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ τρόπῳ μηδὲν ἧττον ἀδίκημα γίνηται κατὰ τὴν πόλιν, §1.66.9ταῦτα προορώμενοι μετὰ πολλῆς ἀπεχθείας οὐδαμῶς βουλομένους τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἠνάγκασαν τὰς ἀποσκευὰς μεθʼ αὑτῶν ἀπαγαγεῖν.
The soldiers readily agreed to go, and wished to leave their baggage behind there, as had been the case in the past, in the belief that they would very soon return for their pay; but the Carthaginians, anxious lest, having arrived after a long time and some of them longing for their children and others for their wives, some of them might not go out at all, and others who had gone out might return to them again, and in this way the outrages in the city would be no less, foreseeing this, they forced the men, who were by no means willing and did so with great resentment, to carry their baggage away with them.
§1.66.10οἱ δὲ μισθοφόροι συναναχθέντες εἰς τὴν Σίκκαν καὶ διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου τετευχότες ἀνέσεως καὶ σχολῆς, ὅπερ ἀφυέστατον ὑπάρχει ξενικαῖς δυνάμεσι καὶ σχεδὸν ὡς εἰπεῖν ἀρχηγὸν καὶ μόνον αἴτιον γίνεται στάσεως, διῆγον ἀδεῶς.
The mercenaries, having assembled in Sicca and having obtained relaxation and leisure after a long time—which is most unsuitable for foreign forces, and indeed, so to speak, the chief and sole cause of mutiny—lived there free from fear.
§1.66.11ἅμα δὲ ῥᾳθυμοῦντες, τινὲς μὲν αὐτῶν ἐξελογίζοντο τὰ προσοφειλόμενα σφίσι τῶν ὀψωνίων ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον καὶ συγκεφαλαιούμενοι πολλαπλάσια τῶν καθηκόντων ταῦτʼ ἔφασαν δεῖν ἀπαιτεῖν τοὺς Καρχηδονίους· §1.66.12πάντες δʼ ἀναμιμνησκόμενοι τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν, ὧν οἱ στρατηγοὶ κατὰ τοὺς ἐπισφαλεῖς τῶν καιρῶν παρακαλοῦντες σφᾶς ἐπεποίηντο, μεγάλας εἶχον ἐλπίδας καὶ μεγάλην προσδοκίαν τῆς ἐσο
At the same time, in their idleness, some of them began to calculate the pay due to them, exaggerating it, and summing up a total many times greater than what was proper, they said they must demand this from the Carthaginians; and all of them, remembering the promises which the generals had made to them in times of danger when encouraging them, had great hopes and great expectations of what was to come.
Notes
- §1.66.3φθάνειν ἀπαλλαττομένους — The construction of the verb φθάνω with a participle (ἀπαλλαττομένους) meaning "to do something beforehand" or "to manage to do something first." Here, it is used within the infinitive phrase εἰς τὸ ... φθάνειν (for the purpose of...), where the accusative participle agrees with τοὺς καταπλεύσαντας, the subject of the infinitive. It correlates with πρὶν ἢ ... ἐπικαταλαβεῖν (before the next ones catch up), indicating the intention to have the first group depart before the arrival of the next.
- §1.66.5τὰ μὲν ... τὰ δὲ — An adverbial correlative structure expressing contrast ("partly... partly..."). It contrasts the two motives of the Carthaginians: on the one hand (τὰ μὲν), their financial shortage; on the other hand (τὰ δὲ), their hope of negotiating with the mercenaries.
- §1.66.8ἀγωνιῶντες ... μή ποτε ... — A clause of fearing introduced by the participle ἀγωνιῶντες (anxious/fearing) with μή followed by subjunctive verbs. The objects of anxiety are expressed by multiple subjunctives: οὐκ ἐκπορευθῶσι (might not depart), ἀνακάμπτωσι (might return), and γίνηται (might happen).
- §1.66.12τῆς ἐσο — A lacuna or truncation in the manuscript tradition at the end of the sentence. It is generally understood as the beginning of the future participle ἐσομένης (likely modifying a noun like πληρώσεως, meaning "payment" or "fulfillment"). Translations typically supply a contextual noun such as "future payment" or "what was to come."
Cite this passage
Polybius, The Histories §1.66.1-1.66.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.66.1-1.66.12
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