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Polybius · The Histories §1.53.1-1.53.13

Carthalo's Raid and Pursuit of the Roman Supply Fleet

Passage 53 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The Carthaginian commander Carthalo launches a surprise attack on the Roman fleet at Lilybaeum and pursues the approaching Roman supply fleet. The Roman quaestors anchor near a small town to defend themselves, and the Carthaginians, unable to break their defenses, withdraw to a nearby river to keep watch.

§1.53.1κατὰ δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς καιροὺς Ἀτάρβας μὲν ἄνδρας τοὺς ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ ληφθέντας καὶ τὰς αἰχμαλώτους νῆας ἐξαπέστειλεν εἰς τὴν Καρχηδόνα, §1.53.2Καρθάλωνα δὲ τὸν συνάρχοντα δοὺς τριάκοντα ναῦς ἐξέπεμψε πρὸς αἷς ἔχων αὐτὸς ἑβδομήκοντα κατέπλευσεν,
At about the same time, Adherbal sent the men captured in the naval battle and the captured ships to Carthage, while he sent out his colleague Carthalo, giving him thirty ships, in addition to the seventy with which Carthalo himself had sailed to join him.
§1.53.3προστάξας ἄφνω προσπεσόντα ταῖς ὁρμούσαις παρὰ τὸ Λιλύβαιον τῶν πολεμίων ναυσίν, ὧν μὲν ἂν δυνατὸς ᾖ κυριεῦσαι, ταῖς δὲ λοιπαῖς πῦρ ἐμβαλεῖν.
ordering him to fall suddenly upon the enemy's ships anchored near Lilybaeum, and to capture any he could, and set fire to the rest.
§1.53.4πεισθέντος δὲ τοῦ Καρθάλωνος καὶ ποιησαμένου τὸν ἐπίπλουν ὑπὸ τὴν ἑωθινὴν καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐμπιπρῶντος τὰ δʼ ἀποσπῶντος τῶν πλοίων, μεγάλην συνέπεσε γενέσθαι ταραχὴν περὶ τὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατόπεδον.
When Carthalo obeyed and made his attack towards dawn, setting fire to some of the ships and dragging others away, a great confusion arose around the Roman camp.
§1.53.5προσβοηθούντων γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς καὶ γινομένης κραυγῆς, συννοήσας Ἰμίλκων ὁ τὸ Λιλύβαιον τηρῶν καὶ θεωρῶν ἤδη τῆς ἡμέρας ὑποφαινούσης τὸ συμβαῖνον, ἐπαποστέλλει τοὺς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως μισθοφόρους.
For as they rushed to help the ships and a great cry arose, Himilco, who was guarding Lilybaeum, having perceived what was happening, as day was now dawning, sent out the mercenaries from the city to attack them in addition.
§1.53.6οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι, τοῦ δεινοῦ πανταχόθεν αὐτοὺς περιστάντος, οὐκ εἰς μικρὰν οὐδʼ εἰς τὴν τυχοῦσαν ἦλθον διατροπήν.
The Romans, with danger surrounding them from every side, fell into no small or ordinary panic.
§1.53.7ὁ δὲ τῶν Καρχηδονίων ναύαρχος ὀλίγα τῶν σκαφῶν τὰ μὲν ἀποσπάσας τὰ δὲ συντρίψας, μετὰ ταῦτα μικρὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιλυβαίου παρακομισθεὶς ὡς ἐφʼ Ἡρακλείας ἐτήρει, βουλόμενος διακωλύειν τοὺς ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον πλέοντας.
The Carthaginian admiral, having dragged away some of the ships and destroyed others, then sailed a short distance away from Lilybaeum and kept watch in the direction of Heraclea, wishing to intercept those who were sailing towards the camp.
§1.53.8προσαγγειλάντων δὲ τῶν σκοπῶν πλῆθος ἱκανὸν πλοίων προσφέρεσθαι παντοδαπῶν καὶ συνεγγίζειν, ἀναχθεὶς ἔπλει, συμμῖξαι σπεύδων διὰ τὸ καταφρονεῖν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐκ τοῦ προγεγενημένου προτερήματος.
When the scouts reported that a considerable number of ships of all kinds were approaching and drawing near, he put to sea and sailed, eager to engage them because he held the Romans in contempt owing to his recent success.
§1.53.9ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἐκ τῶν Συρακουσῶν προαπεσταλμένοις ταμίαις ἀνήγγειλαν οἱ προπλεῖν εἰθισμένοι λέμβοι τὸν ἐπίπλουν τῶν ὑπεναντίων.
Similarly, the scout boats that usually sailed ahead announced the approach of the enemy to the quaestors who had been sent on in advance from Syracuse.
§1.53.10οἱ δὲ νομίσαντες οὐκ ἀξιόχρεως σφᾶς αὐτοὺς εἶναι πρὸς ναυμαχίαν, καθωρμίσθησαν πρός τι πολισμάτιον τῶν ὑπʼ αὐτοὺς ταττομένων, ἀλίμενον μέν, σάλους δʼ ἔχον καὶ προβολὰς περικλειούσας ἐκ τῆς γῆς εὐφυεῖς.
They, thinking they were not strong enough for a naval battle, anchored near a small town subject to them, which had no harbor indeed, but possessed roadsteads and convenient headlands jutting out from the land to enclose them.
§1.53.11οὗ ποιησάμενοι τὴν ἀπόβασιν καὶ τούς τε καταπέλτας καὶ τοὺς πετροβόλους τοὺς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐπιστήσαντες προσεδόκων τὸν ἐπίπλουν τῶν ὑπεναντίων.
Having landed there, and having mounted the catapults and stone-throwers obtained from the town, they awaited the attack of the enemy.
§1.53.12οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι συνεγγίσαντες τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπεβάλοντο πολιορκεῖν τούτους, ὑπολαβόντες τοὺς μὲν ἄνδρας καταπλαγέντας εἰς τὸ πολισμάτιον ἀποχωρήσειν, τῶν δὲ πλοίων ἀσφαλῶς κυριεύσειν·
The Carthaginians, on drawing near, at first attempted to blockade them, supposing that the men would be terrified and retreat into the town, and that they themselves would safely capture the ships.
§1.53.13οὐ προχωρούσης δὲ τῆς ἐλπίδος, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἀμυνομένων γενναίως, καὶ τοῦ τόπου πολλὰς ἔχοντος καὶ παντοδαπὰς δυσχρηστίας, ὀλίγα τῶν τὰς ἀγορὰς ἐχόντων πλοίων ἀποσπάσαντες ἀπέπλευσαν πρός τινα ποταμόν, ἐν ᾧ καθορμισθέντες ἐπετήρουν τὸν ἀνάπλουν αὐτῶν.
But when their expectation did not succeed, and on the contrary the Romans defended themselves gallantly, and the place presented many and various difficulties, they dragged away only a few of the ships carrying provisions and sailed off towards a certain river, where they anchored and watched for the enemy to put out to sea.

Notes

  1. 1.53.2πρὸς αἷς — The relative pronoun `αἷς` (feminine plural) has its antecedent `ναυσί` ('ships') omitted. It refers back to the ships, meaning 'in addition to the seventy ships with which Carthalo himself had sailed.'
  2. 1.53.4πεισθέντος δὲ τοῦ Καρθάλωνος — A series of genitive absolutes (`πεισθέντος`, `ποιησαμένου`, `ἐμπιπρῶντος`, `ἀποσπῶντος`) are used to describe the actions of Carthalo, whose subject is different from the main clause's subject (`ταραχή`). The aorist participles (`πεισθέντος`, `ποιησαμένου`) express prior or completed actions (obeying and initiating the attack), while the present participles (`ἐμπιπρῶντος`, `ἀποσπῶντος`) express ongoing actions during the attack (burning and dragging away ships).
  3. 1.53.6οὐκ εἰς μικρὰν οὐδʼ εἰς τὴν τυχοῦσαν... διατροπήν — `τὴν τυχοῦσαν` is the attributive aorist active participle of `τυγχάνω` in the feminine accusative singular, meaning idiomatically 'ordinary' or 'common'. Combined with the double negative `οὐκ... οὐδέ` ('not... nor'), it functions as a litotes, meaning 'no ordinary (i.e., extremely great) panic.'
  4. 1.53.13ἀμυνομένων — The genitive absolute participle `ἀμυνομένων` ('defending themselves') has its semantic subject (the Romans, `τῶν Ῥωμαίων`) omitted. It is omitted because it can be easily supplied from the context, referring back to `τούτους` and `τοὺς ἄνδρας` in the preceding sentence.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.53.1-1.53.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.53.1-1.53.13

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