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Polybius · The Histories §1.50.1-1.50.9

Confusion of the Roman Fleet and Adherbal's Encirclement

Passage 50 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Publius' order to retreat caused great confusion among the Roman ships, while Adherbal outflanked them from the sea, forcing the Romans into a highly disadvantageous position near the shore.

§1.50.1πλου.
approach.
Πόπλιος δʼ ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς θεωρῶν τοὺς μὲν πολεμίους παρὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ δόξαν οὔτʼ εἴκοντας οὔτε καταπεπληγμένους τὸν ἐπίπλουν ἀλλὰ πρὸς τῷ ναυμαχεῖν ὄντας, §1.50.2τῶν δὲ σφετέρων νεῶν τὰς μὲν ἐντὸς ἤδη τοῦ λιμένος οὔσας τὰς δʼ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ στόματι, τὰς δὲ φερομένας ἐπὶ τὸν εἴσπλουν, πάσαις ἀναστρέφειν παρήγγειλε καὶ ποιεῖσθαι τὸν πλοῦν ἔξω πάλιν.
But Publius, the Roman general, seeing that the enemy, contrary to his expectation, were neither giving way nor startled by his approach, but were ready for a sea-fight, ordered all his ships to wheel round and make their way out again, as some of them were already inside the harbor, others in the very mouth, and others still steering toward the entrance.
§1.50.3ἔνθα δὴ τῶν μὲν ἐν τῷ λιμένι τῶν δὲ κατὰ τὸν εἴσπλουν ἐκ τῆς μεταβολῆς συμπιπτουσῶν, οὐ μόνον θόρυβος ἦν ἐκ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἄπλετος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ταρσοὺς ἐθραύονθʼ αἱ νῆες ἀλλήλαις συγκρούουσαι.
Thereupon, as those in the harbor and those in the entrance collided with each other owing to the change of course, there was not only immense confusion among the men, but the ships also broke their oars by striking against one another.
§1.50.4ὅμως δʼ οὖν ἀεὶ τοὺς ἀνατρέχοντας ἐκτάττοντες οἱ τριήραρχοι παρʼ αὐτὴν τὴν γῆν ταχέως ἐποίουν ἀντιπρώρρους τοῖς πολεμίοις.
Nevertheless, the captains constantly marshaled the returning ships along the shore and quickly made them face the enemy with their prows.
§1.50.5ὁ δὲ Πόπλιος αὐτὸς ἐπέπλει μὲν ἀρχῆθεν κατόπιν ἐπὶ παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ, τότε δʼ ἐπιστρέψας κατʼ αὐτὸν τὸν πλοῦν πρὸς τὸ πέλαγος ἔλαβε τὴν εὐώνυμον τῆς ὅλης δυνάμεως τάξιν.
Publius himself, who had originally been sailing in the rear of the whole fleet, now turned toward the open sea during the course itself and took up his position on the left wing of the entire force.
§1.50.6Ἀτάρβας δὲ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν ὑπεράρας τὸ λαιὸν τῶν πολεμίων [Ῥωμαίων], ἔχων πέντε ναῦς ἐπίπλους, ὑπέστησε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ναῦν ἀντίπρωρρον τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀπὸ τοῦ κατὰ τὸ πέλαγος μέρους·
At the same time, Adherbal, having outflanked the enemy's left wing with five ships sailing with him, brought his own ship to face the enemy from the side of the open sea.
§1.50.7ἅμα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐπιπλεόντων ἀεὶ τοῖς συνάπτουσι προσεπιταττομένοις ταὐτὸ ποιεῖν παραγγείλας διὰ τῶν ὑπηρετῶν,
At the same time, he ordered, through his attendants, those who were continually sailing up and joining them to do the same.
§1.50.8καταστάντων δὲ πάντων εἰς μέτωπον σημήνας διὰ τῶν συνθημάτων τὰς μὲν ἀρχὰς ἐποιεῖτο τὸν ἐπίπλουν ἐν τάξει, μενόντων πρὸς τῇ γῇ τῶν Ῥωμαίων διὰ τὸ προσδέχεσθαι τὰς ἐκ τοῦ λιμένος ἀνατρεχούσας ναῦς.
When all were drawn up in line, he gave the signal with flags and at first made his advance in good order, while the Romans remained close to the land to receive the ships that were returning from the harbor.
§1.50.9ἐξ οὗ συνέβαινε μεγάλα τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐλαττωθῆναι πρὸς αὐτῇ τῇ γῇ
From this it resulted that the Romans were at a great disadvantage, being close to the land itself.

Notes

  1. 1.50.1πλου. — The syllable πλου. at the beginning of this chapter joins with εἴς at the end of the previous chapter to form the accusative noun εἴσπλουν (or εἴσπλου), split across the chapter division.
  2. 1.50.2τῶν δὲ σφετέρων νεῶν — This is a genitive absolute structure acting as the subject, in a partitive relation with the subsequent accusatives τὰς μὲν... τὰς δʼ... τὰς δὲ... which group his own ships into three categories based on their positions.
  3. 1.50.2πάσαις — This dative pronoun is the complement of παρήγγειλε ("ordered"), referring back to the entirety of τῶν δὲ σφετέρων νεῶν ("all of them").
  4. 1.50.3συμπιπτουσῶν — A genitive present participle (feminine plural) in a genitive absolute structure with τῶν μὲν... τῶν δὲ... as its subject, describing the collision of the ships due to the change of course (ἐκ τῆς μεταβολῆς).
  5. 1.50.9ἐξ οὗ — An idiomatic prepositional phrase combining the preposition ἐκ and the genitive neuter singular relative pronoun οὗ, referring to the entire preceding situation as its antecedent to mean 'as a result of this' or 'from which.'

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.50.1-1.50.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.50.1-1.50.9

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