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Polybius · The Histories §1.28.1-1.28.14

Climax of the Battle of Ecnomus and Roman Victory

Passage 28 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The second half and outcome of the Battle of Cape Ecnomus. After intense fighting split into three distinct engagements, the Romans successfully encircled and overwhelmed the Carthaginians to secure a decisive victory.

§1.28.1την εἶχε διάθεσιν.
nature.
κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν τὸ μὲν δεξιὸν κέρας ἔχων Ἄννων, τὸ μεῖναν ἐν ἀποστάσει κατὰ τὴν πρώτην συμβολήν, τό τε πέλαγος ὑπεράρας ἐνέβαλε ταῖς τῶν τριαρίων ναυσὶ καὶ πολλὴν ἀπορίαν παρεῖχε καὶ δυσχρηστίαν αὐτοῖς.
At the same time, Hanno, who commanded the right wing, which had remained at a distance during the first encounter, having stood out to sea, fell upon the ships of the Triarii and caused them great difficulty and distress.
§1.28.2οἱ δὲ παρὰ τὴν γῆν τεταγμένοι τῶν Καρχηδονίων παραγεγονότες εἰς μέτωπον ἐκ τῆς προϋπαρχούσης τάξεως καὶ ποιήσαντες ἀντιπρώρρους τὰς ναῦς ἐνέβαλον τοῖς ῥυμουλκοῦσι τὰς ἱππηγούς· οἱ δʼ ἀφέμενοι τὰ ῥύματα συνεπλέκοντο καὶ διηγωνίζοντο τοῖς πολεμίοις.
Those of the Carthaginians who were drawn up near the land, having advanced to the front from their original position and keeping their prows facing the enemy, fell upon those who were towing the horse-transports; these latter, letting go the towing-ropes, engaged and fought desperately with the enemy.
§1.28.3ἦν δὲ τρία μέρη τῆς ὅλης συμπλοκῆς, καὶ τρεῖς ναυμαχίαι συνέστησαν πολὺ κεχωρισμέναι τοῖς τόποις ἀλλήλων·
The whole engagement was in three parts, and three naval battles were fought at a wide distance from one another.
§1.28.4τῷ δʼ ἑκατέρων πάρισα τὰ μέρη γενέσθαι κατὰ τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς χειρισμὸν ἐφάμιλλον εἶναι συνέβαινε καὶ τὸν κίνδυνον.
Since the forces on both sides were nearly equal owing to the original distribution, the conflict also happened to be evenly contested.
§1.28.5οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τὸ κατὰ λόγον ἐν ἑκάστοις ἐπετελεῖτο περὶ τὴν μάχην, ὅπερ εἰκὸς ὅταν ᾖ παραπλήσια πάντα τὰ τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων.
Nevertheless, in each case the battle took its natural course, as is to be expected when all the conditions of the combatants are nearly equal.
§1.28.6οἱ γὰρ πρῶτοι κινδυνεύσαντες πρῶτοι καὶ διεκρίθησαν· τέλος γὰρ ἐκβιασθέντες οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀμίλκαν εἰς φυγὴν ὥρμησαν.
For those who were the first to face the danger were also the first to have the decision; at length Hamilcar and his men, being overpowered, took to flight.
§1.28.7ὁ μὲν οὖν Λεύκιος ἀνεδεῖτο τὰς αἰχμαλώτους ναῦς· ὁ δὲ Μάρκος συνορῶν τὸν περὶ τοὺς τριαρίους καὶ τὰς ἱππηγοὺς ἀγῶνα κατὰ σπουδὴν ἐβοήθει τούτοις, ἔχων τοῦ δευτέρου στόλου τὰς ἀκεραίους ναῦς.
Lucius then began to tow away the captured ships; but Marcus, seeing the struggle around the Triarii and the horse-transports, hastened to their assistance with the undamaged ships of the Second Fleet.
§1.28.8συνάψαντος δὲ καὶ προσμίξαντος αὐτοῦ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἄννωνα, ταχέως ἀναθαρρήσαντες οἱ τριάριοι, καίπερ ἤδη κακῶς ἀπαλλάττοντες, πάλιν ἐπερρώσθησαν πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον.
When he joined battle and engaged Hanno's forces, the Triarii, though they were already in a bad plight, quickly recovered their courage and were strengthened anew for the conflict.
§1.28.9οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι, τῶν μὲν κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῖς προσμαχομένων, τῶν δὲ κατὰ νώτου προσπιπτόντων, δυσχρηστούμενοι καὶ παραδόξως ὑπὸ τῶν βοηθησάντων κυκλούμενοι, κλίναντες πελαγίαν ἐποιοῦντο τὴν ὑποχώρησιν.
The Carthaginians, being attacked by those in front of them and set upon from behind, being distressed and unexpectedly surrounded by those who had come to the rescue, turned towards the open sea and made their retreat.
§1.28.10κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν ὅ τε Λεύκιος ἐπαναπλέων ἤδη καὶ θεωρῶν συγκεκλεισμένον πρὸς τῇ γῇ τὸν τρίτον στόλον ὑπὸ τοῦ τῶν Καρχηδονίων εὐωνύμου κέρατος, ὅ τε Μάρκος ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ καταλιπὼν τὰς ἱππηγοὺς καὶ τοὺς τριαρίους ὥρμησαν ἀμφότεροι βοηθεῖν τοῖς κινδυνεύουσι.
At the same time Lucius, who was already sailing back and saw the Third Fleet hemmed in against the land by the Carthaginian left wing, and Marcus, who had left the horse-transports and the Triarii in safety, both hastened to rescue those in danger.
§1.28.11παραπλήσιον γὰρ ἦν ἤδη τὸ γινόμενον πολιορκίᾳ· καὶ πάντες ἂν ἀπολώλεισαν οὗτοί γε προφανῶς, εἰ μὴ δεδιότες τοὺς κόρακας οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι περιφράξαντες μὲν αὐτοὺς πρὸς τῇ γῇ συνεῖχον, πρὸς δὲ τὰς ἐμβολὰς διὰ τὴν συμπλοκὴν εὐλαβῶς ἔχοντες οὐ προσῄεσαν.
For what was taking place was already very like a siege; and all these would certainly have perished, had not the Carthaginians, fearing the "crows," kept them hemmed in against the land indeed, but cautiously refrained from approaching to ram them because of the risk of being grappled.
§1.28.12ταχέως δʼ ἐπιγενόμενοι καὶ κυκλώσαντες οἱ στρατηγοὶ τοὺς Καρχηδονίους αὐτάνδρους μὲν ἔλαβον πεντήκοντα ναῦς τῶν πολεμίων, ὀλίγαι δέ τινες παρὰ τὴν γῆν ἐξελίξασαι διέφυγον.
But the generals, quickly arriving and surrounding the Carthaginians, captured fifty of the enemy's ships with their crews, while a few others managed to escape by slipping along the shore.
§1.28.13ὁ μὲν οὖν κατὰ μέρος κίνδυνος τοιαύτην ἔσχε τὴν διάθεσιν, τὸ δὲ τέλος τῆς συμπάσης ναυμαχίας ἐγένετο κατὰ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους.
The battle in its various parts, then, had this issue, but the final result of the whole naval fight was in favor of the Romans.
§1.28.14διεφθάρη δὲ τούτων μὲν εἴκοσι καὶ τέτταρα σκάφη, τῶν δὲ Καρχηδονίων ὑπὲρ τριάκοντα.
Of these latter, twenty-four ships were destroyed, and of the Carthaginians, more than thirty.
ναῦς δὲ τῶν μὲν Ῥωμαίων αὔτανδρος οὐδεμία τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐγένεθʼ ὑποχείριος, τῶν δὲ Καρχηδονίων ἑξήκοντα καὶ τέτταρες.
No Roman ship was captured by the enemy with its crew, but sixty-four of the Carthaginian ships were so taken.

Notes

  1. 1.28.1την εἶχε διάθεσιν — This syntax connects with the unfinished word 'τοιαύ-' at the end of the previous chunk (1.27.13) to form 'τοιαύτην εἶχε διάθεσιν' ('was of this nature').
  2. 1.28.4τῷ δʼ ἑκατέρων πάρισα τὰ μέρη γενέσθαι — A dative phrase with the articular infinitive (τῷ ... γενέσθαι) expressing cause ('because the forces of both sides were nearly equal'). The subject of the infinitive is ἑκατέρων τὰ μέρη.
  3. 1.28.11καὶ πάντες ἂν ἀπολώλεισαν οὗτοί γε προφανῶς, εἰ μὴ... — A past counterfactual conditional sentence. The apodosis (ἀπολώλεισαν) is accompanied by ἄν, while the protasis (introduced by εἰ μή) consists of a participle (δεδιότες) and past indicatives (συνεῖχον, οὐ προσῄεσαν).

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.28.1-1.28.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.28.1-1.28.14

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