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Polybius · The Histories §1.10.1-1.10.9

Mamertine Appeals for Aid and Rome's Strategic Dilemma

Passage 10 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Faced with crisis, the Mamertines seek aid from both Carthage and Rome. Despite moral hesitation, the Romans recognize the strategic necessity of defending Messene to prevent further Carthaginian expansion.

§1.10.1οἱ δὲ Μαμερτῖνοι πρότερον μὲν ἐστερημένοι τῆς ἐπικουρίας τῆς ἐκ τοῦ Ῥηγίου, καθάπερ ἀνώτερον εἶπον, τότε δὲ τοῖς ἰδίοις πράγμασιν ἐπταικότες ὁλοσχερῶς διὰ τὰς νῦν ῥηθείσας αἰτίας, οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ Καρχηδονίους κατέφευγον καὶ τούτοις ἐνεχείριζον σφᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ τὴν ἄκραν, §1.10.2οἱ δὲ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἐπρέσβευον, παραδιδόντες τὴν πόλιν καὶ δεόμενοι βοηθήσειν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ὁμοφύλοις ὑπάρχουσιν.
The Mamertines, previously deprived of the assistance from Rhegium, as I said above, and at that time having completely failed in their own affairs for the reasons just mentioned, some of them fled to the Carthaginians and delivered themselves and the citadel to them, while others sent embassies to the Romans, offering to hand over the city and begging them to assist them as being of the same race.
§1.10.3Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ πολὺν μὲν χρόνον ἠπόρησαν διὰ τὸ δοκεῖν ἐξόφθαλμον εἶναι τὴν ἀλογίαν τῆς βοηθείας.
The Romans were for a long time in difficulty because the inconsistency of sending help seemed obvious.
§1.10.4τὸ γὰρ μικρῷ πρότερον τοὺς ἰδίους πολίτας μετὰ τῆς μεγίστης ἀνῃρηκότας τιμωρίας, ὅτι Ῥηγίνους παρεσπόνδησαν, παραχρῆμα Μαμερτίνοις βοηθεῖν ζητεῖν τοῖς τὰ παραπλήσια πεποιηκόσιν οὐ μόνον εἰς τὴν Μεσσηνίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν Ῥηγίνων πόλιν, δυσαπολόγητον εἶχε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν.
For to have executed their own citizens with the greatest punishment just a short time before, because they had betrayed the Rhegians, and then immediately to seek to help the Mamertines who had done virtually the same things not only to the city of Messene but also to that of Rhegium, was a fault hard to justify.
§1.10.5οὐ μὴν ἀγνοοῦντές γε τούτων οὐδέν, θεωροῦντες δὲ τοὺς Καρχηδονίους οὐ μόνον τὰ κατὰ τὴν Λιβύην, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς Ἰβηρίας ὑπήκοα πολλὰ μέρη πεποιημένους, ἔτι δὲ τῶν νήσων ἁπασῶν ἐγκρατεῖς ὑπάρχοντας τῶν κατὰ τὸ Σαρδόνιον καὶ Τυρρηνικὸν πέλαγος, ἠγωνίων, εἰ Σικελίας ἔτι κυριεύσαιεν, §1.10.6μὴ λίαν βαρεῖς καὶ φοβεροὶ γείτονες αὐτοῖς ὑπάρχοιεν, κύκλῳ σφᾶς περιέχοντες καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τῆς Ἰταλίας μέρεσιν ἐπικείμενοι.
Nevertheless, far from being ignorant of any of these things, but seeing that the Carthaginians had made not only Libya but also many parts of Iberia subject to them, and moreover were masters of all the islands in the Sardinian and Tyrrhenian seas, they were anxious lest, if they should also master Sicily, they would become too troublesome and formidable neighbors, surrounding them and threatening all parts of Italy.
§1.10.7διότι δὲ ταχέως ὑφʼ αὑτοὺς ποιήσονται τὴν Σικελίαν, μὴ τυχόντων ἐπικουρίας τῶν Μαμερτίνων, προφανὲς ἦν.
And that they would quickly bring Sicily under their own subjection, if the Mamertines did not obtain assistance, was obvious.
§1.10.8κρατήσαντες γὰρ ἐγχειριζομένης αὐτοῖς τῆς Μεσσήνης ἔμελλον ἐν ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ τὰς Συρακούσας ἐπανελέσθαι διὰ τὸ πάσης σχεδὸν δεσπόζειν τῆς ἄλλης Σικελίας.
For if they got possession of Messene, which was being offered to them, they were bound in a short time to overthrow Syracuse, because they dominated almost all the rest of Sicily.
§1.10.9ὃ προορώμενοι Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ νομίζοντες ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι σφίσι τὸ μὴ προέσθαι τὴν Μεσσήνην μηδʼ ἐᾶσαι Καρχηδονίους οἱονεὶ γεφυρῶσαι τὴν εἰς Ἰταλίαν αὑτοῖς διάβασιν,
Foreseeing this, and thinking it necessary for them not to abandon Messene, nor to allow the Carthaginians to bridge, as it were, the crossing for themselves into Italy,

Notes

  1. §1.10.4τὸ γὰρ μικρῷ πρότερον... βοηθεῖν ζητεῖν — The entire articular infinitive phrase introduced by the article τὸ (τὸ ... ζητεῖν) serves as the subject of the sentence, with δυσαπολόγητον εἶχε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν forming the predicate. It forms a lengthy nominalized clause explaining why sending immediate aid was a difficult error to justify.
  2. §1.10.5ἠγωνίων, εἰ Σικελίας ἔτι κυριεύσαιεν, μὴ λίαν βαρεῖς καὶ φοβεροὶ γείτονες αὐτοῖς ὑπάρχοιεν — The main verb ἠγωνίων (were anxious) governs both the conditional εἰ clause (if they should also master Sicily) and the clause introduced by μὴ (lest they should become too troublesome neighbors) expressing fear or apprehension, which serves as the object of their anxiety.
  3. §1.10.9ὃ προορώμενοι — The relative pronoun ὃ (neuter singular accusative) refers back to the entire situation described in §1.10.8 (the potential fall of Syracuse to Carthage) and acts as the direct object of the participle προορώμενοι. This clause is left pending and connects directly to the main clause in the next chapter (§1.11.1).

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.10.1-1.10.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.10.1-1.10.9

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