Humanitext Reader

Lysias · Olympic Oration §1-9

Call for Greek Unity and Resistance to Tyrants

Passage 1 of 1 · Greek

Summary

The speaker invokes the spirit of Heracles, who founded the Olympic games to foster unity among Greeks, urging them to end internal conflicts and unite against the foreign threats from Persia and Sicily while challenging the Spartans to take leadership.

§1ἄλλων τε πολλῶν καὶ καλῶν ἔργων ἕνεκα, ὦ ἄνδρες, ἄξιον Ἡρακλέους μεμνῆσθαι, καὶ ὅτι τόνδε τὸν ἀγῶνα πρῶτος συνήγειρε διʼ εὔνοιαν τῆς Ἑλλάδος.
For many other noble deeds, gentlemen, it is worthy to remember Heracles, and especially because he was the first to bring this assembly together out of goodwill for Greece.
ἐν μὲν γὰρ τῷ τέως χρόνῳ ἀλλοτρίως αἱ πόλεις πρὸς ἀλλήλας διέκειντο· §2ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκεῖνος τοὺς τυράννους ἔπαυσε καὶ τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας ἐκώλυσεν, ἀγῶνα μὲν σωμάτων ἐποίησε, φιλοτιμίαν δὲ πλούτου, γνώμης δʼ ἐπίδειξιν ἐν τῷ καλλίστῳ τῆς Ἑλλάδος, ἵνα τούτων ἁπάντων ἕνεκα εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ συνέλθωμεν, τὰ μὲν ὀψόμενοι, τὰ δʼ ἀκουσόμενοι· ἡγήσατο γὰρ τὸν ἐνθάδε σύλλογον ἀρχὴν γενήσεσθαι τοῖς Ἕλλησι τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους φιλίας.
For in the time before then, the cities were in a hostile state towards one another; but when he put an end to the tyrants and stopped those who committed outrages, he established a contest of bodies, a rivalry of wealth, and a display of intellect in the most beautiful place of Greece, so that for the sake of all these things we might gather together in the same place, both to see some things and to hear others; for he believed that the assembly here would become the beginning of mutual friendship for the Greeks.
§3ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν ταῦθʼ ὑφηγήσατο, ἐγὼ δὲ ἥκω οὐ μικρολογησόμενος οὐδὲ περὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων μαχούμενος.
He, then, gave this guidance, but I have come not to speak on trivial matters nor to fight about words.
ἡγοῦμαι γὰρ ταῦτα ἔργα μὲν εἶναι σοφιστῶν λίαν ἀχρήστων καὶ σφόδρα βίου δεομένων, ἀνδρὸς δὲ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ πολίτου πολλοῦ ἀξίου περὶ τῶν μεγίστων συμβουλεύειν, ὁρῶν οὕτως αἰσχρῶς διακειμένην τὴν Ἑλλάδα, καὶ πολλὰ μὲν αὐτῆς ὄντα ὑπὸ τῷ βαρβάρῳ, πολλὰς δὲ πόλεις ὑπὸ τυράννων ἀναστάτους γεγενημένας.
For I think that such things are the work of utterly useless sophists who are in extreme need of a livelihood, but that it belongs to a good man and a citizen of great worth to give counsel on the greatest matters, seeing Greece in such a shameful condition, and much of it being under the barbarian, and many cities having been laid waste by tyrants.
καὶ ταῦτα εἰ μὲν διʼ ἀσθένειαν ἐπάσχομεν, §4στέργειν ἂν ἦν ἀνάγκη τὴν τύχην· ἐπειδὴ δὲ διὰ στάσιν καὶ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους φιλονικίαν, πῶς οὐκ ἄξιον τῶν μὲν παύσασθαι τὰ δὲ κωλῦσαι, εἰδότας ὅτι φιλονικεῖν μέν ἐστιν εὖ πραττόντων, γνῶναι δὲ τὰ βέλτιστα τῶν οἵων ἡμῶν;
And if indeed we were suffering these things through weakness, it would be necessary to endure our fortune; but since it is because of faction and mutual rivalry, how is it not fitting to cease from the former and prevent the latter, knowing that to rival is for those who fare well, but to know what is best is for those in our condition?
§5ὁρῶμεν γὰρ τοὺς κινδύνους καὶ μεγάλους καὶ πανταχόθεν περιεστηκότας· ἐπίστασθε δὲ ὅτι ἡ μὲν ἀρχὴ τῶν κρατούντων τῆς θαλάττης, τῶν δὲ χρημάτων βασιλεὺς ταμίας, τὰ δὲ τῶν Ἑλλήνων σώματα τῶν δαπανᾶσθαι δυναμένων, ναῦς δὲ πολλὰς μὲν αὐτὸς κέκτηται, πολλὰς δʼ ὁ τύραννος τῆς Σικελίας.
For we see that our dangers are both great and surrounding us on all sides; and you know that the dominion belongs to those who rule the sea, the King is the steward of the money, and the bodies of the Greeks belong to those who are able to spend money, and he himself possesses many ships, and the tyrant of Sicily possesses many.
§6ὥστε ἄξιον τὸν μὲν πρὸς ἀλλήλους πόλεμον καταθέσθαι, τῇ δʼ αὐτῇ γνώμῃ χρωμένους τῆς σωτηρίας ἀντέχεσθαι, καὶ περὶ μὲν τῶν παρεληλυθότων αἰσχύνεσθαι, περὶ δὲ τῶν μελλόντων ἔσεσθαι δεδιέναι, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς προγόνους, οἳ τοὺς μὲν βαρβάρους ἐποίησαν τῆς ἀλλοτρίας ἐπιθυμοῦντας τῆς σφετέρας αὐτῶν στερεῖσθαι, τοὺς δὲ τυράννους ἐξελάσαντες κοινὴν ἅπασι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν κατέστησαν.
So it is fitting to lay aside our war against one another, and, using the same resolve, to cling to our safety, and to be ashamed of the past and to fear for the future, and to respect our ancestors, who made the barbarians, when they desired the land of others, be deprived of their own, and, having driven out the tyrants, established common freedom for all.
§7θαυμάζω δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους πάντων μάλιστα, τίνι ποτὲ γνώμῃ χρώμενοι καομένην τὴν Ἑλλάδα περιορῶσιν, ἡγεμόνες ὄντες τῶν Ἑλλήνων οὐκ ἀδίκως, καὶ διὰ τὴν ἔμφυτον ἀρετὴν καὶ διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ἐπιστήμην, μόνοι δὲ οἰκοῦντες ἀπόρθητοι καὶ ἀτείχιστοι καὶ ἀστασίαστοι καὶ ἀήττητοι καὶ τρόποις ἀεὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς χρώμενοι· ὧν ἕνεκα ἐλπὶς ἀθάνατον τὴν ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοὺς κεκτῆσθαι, καὶ ἐν τοῖς παρεληλυθόσι κινδύνοις σωτῆρας γενομένους τῆς Ἑλλάδος περὶ τῶν μελλόντων προορᾶσθαι.
But I marvel at the Lacedaemonians most of all, with what possible intent they look on while Greece is burning, although they are the leaders of the Greeks not unjustly, both because of their inborn virtue and because of their knowledge of war, and being the only ones who dwell unravaged, unfortified, free from faction, undefeated, and always practicing the same customs; for which reasons there is hope that they possess immortal freedom, and, having become saviors of Greece in past dangers, they would look forward to the future.
§8οὐ τοίνυν ὁ ἐπιὼν καιρὸς τοῦ παρόντος βελτίων· οὐ γὰρ ἀλλοτρίας δεῖ τὰς τῶν ἀπολωλότων συμφορὰς νομίζειν ἀλλʼ οἰκείας, οὐδʼ ἀναμεῖναι, ἕως ἂν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἡμᾶς αἱ δυνάμεις ἀμφοτέρων ἔλθωσιν, ἀλλʼ ἕως ἔτι ἔξεστι, τὴν τούτων τούτων ὕβριν κωλῦσαι.
Therefore, the coming opportunity is no better than the present; for we must not regard the disasters of those who have perished as belonging to others but as our own, nor should we wait until the forces of both come upon us ourselves, but while it is still possible, we must prevent their their insolence.
§9τίς γὰρ οὐκ ἂν ἀγανακτήσειεν ὁρῶν ἐν τῷ πρὸς ἀλλήλους πολέμῳ μεγάλους αὐτοὺς γεγενημένους;
For who would not be indignant seeing that they have become great through our war against one another?
ὧν οὐ μόνον αἰσχρῶν ὄντων ἀλλὰ καὶ δεινῶν, τοῖς μὲν μεγάλα ἡμαρτηκόσιν ἐξουσία γεγένηται τῶν πεπραγμένων, τοῖς δὲ Ἕλλησιν οὐδεμία αὐτῶν τιμωρία
Although these things are not only shameful but also terrible, those who have committed great wrongs have gained power over what they have done, while for the Greeks there is no punishment of them.

Notes

  1. §1ἄλλων τε πολλῶν καὶ καλῶν ἔργων ἕνεκα ... καὶ ὅτι — The prepositional phrase expressing reason (ἕνεκα) and the causal ὅτι clause are coordinated by the conjunction καί, both serving to explain the reason for ἄξιον Ἡρακλέους μεμνῆσθαι (it is worthy to remember Heracles).
  2. §3ἀνδρὸς δὲ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ πολίτου πολλοῦ ἀξίου περὶ τῶν μεγίστων συμβουλεύειν — The genitives ἀνδρὸς... πολίτου... are genitives of characteristic ('it is the part of...', 'it belongs to...'), with the infinitive phrase συμβουλεύειν (to give counsel) functioning as the subject of the implied copula.
  3. §4στέργειν ἂν ἦν ἀνάγκη τὴν τύχην — A conditional apodosis of a contrary-to-fact condition. The past tense of the impersonal expression ἦν ἀνάγκη (it was necessary) is accompanied by the particle ἄν to indicate a counterfactual result (if weakness were the cause, it would have been necessary to endure fortune) in contrast to the actual situation.
  4. §4γνῶναι δὲ τὰ βέλτιστα τῶν οἵων ἡμῶν — The phrase τῶν οἵων ἡμῶν is an idiomatic construction resulting from attraction and abbreviation, equivalent to τῶν τοιούτων οἷοι ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν (of those who are such as we are). The genitive marks the characteristic of those to whom knowing what is best belongs.
  5. §8τὴν τούτων τούτων ὕβριν — The demonstrative pronoun τούτων is written twice. This is likely a case of dittography (scribal duplication) in the manuscript tradition, but the translation strictly retains the phrasing of the provided Greek text.
  6. §9ὧν οὐ μόνον αἰσχρῶν ὄντων ἀλλὰ καὶ δεινῶν — The relative pronoun ὧν is used at the beginning of the sentence to connect with the preceding statement (relative connection). The participle ὄντων forms a genitive absolute construction with ὧν as its subject, conveying a concessive or circumstantial tone ('although these things are not only shameful but also terrible').

Cite this passage

Lysias, Olympic Oration §1-9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0540.tlg033.humanitext-grc2:1-9

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